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Complexity of two-level systems

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  • Varga, Imre

Abstract

Complexity of two-level systems, e.g. spins, qubits, magnetic moments etc, are analyzed based on the so-called correlational entropy in the case of pure quantum systems and the thermal entropy in case of thermal equilibrium that are suitable quantities essentially free from basis dependence. The complexity is defined as the difference between the Shannon-entropy and the second order Rényi-entropy, where the latter is connected to the traditional participation measure or purity. It is shown that the system attains maximal complexity for special choice of control parameters, i.e. strength of disorder either in the presence of noise of the energy states or the presence of disorder in the off diagonal coupling. It is shown that such a noise or disorder dependence provides a basis free analysis and gives meaningful insights. We also look at similar entropic complexity of spins in thermal equilibrium for a paramagnet at finite temperature, T and magnetic field B, as well as the case of an Ising model in the mean-field approximation. As a result all examples provide important evidence that the investigation of the entropic complexity parameters help to get deeper understanding in the behavior of these systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Varga, Imre, 2025. "Complexity of two-level systems," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 661(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:661:y:2025:i:c:s037843712500041x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2025.130389
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