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Emergent networks in fractional percolation

Author

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  • Valdez, L.D.
  • Braunstein, L.A.

Abstract

Real networks are vulnerable to random failures and malicious attacks. However, when a node is harmed or damaged, it may remain partially functional, which helps to maintain the overall network structure and functionality. In this paper, we study the network structure for a fractional percolation process (Shang, 2014), in which the state of a node can be either fully functional (FF), partially functional (PF), or dysfunctional (D). We develop new equations to calculate the relative size of the percolating cluster of FF and PF nodes, that are in agreement with our stochastic simulations. In addition, we find a regime in which the percolating cluster can be described as a coarse-grained bipartite network, namely, as a set of finite groups of FF nodes connected by PF nodes. Moreover, these groups behave as a set of “supernodes” with a power-law degree distribution. Finally, we show how this emergent structure explains the values of several critical exponents around the percolation threshold.

Suggested Citation

  • Valdez, L.D. & Braunstein, L.A., 2022. "Emergent networks in fractional percolation," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 594(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:phsmap:v:594:y:2022:i:c:s0378437122001145
    DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2022.127057
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Graham J. G. Upton, 1994. "Picturing the 1992 British General Election," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 157(2), pages 231-252, March.
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