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To outperform: Sell-in-May enhanced with bond investments

Author

Listed:
  • Hsu, Chih-Hsiang
  • Lien, Donald

Abstract

This research investigates the Halloween Effect across global equity markets utilizing exchange-traded funds (ETFs) as the instrument. The study reveals three primary findings. Firstly, it confirms the presence of the Halloween Effect in global equity ETFs over a span of two decades, indicating stronger returns during the winter months. Secondly, the analysis expands to include liquid treasury bond ETFs, revealing no significant seasonal effect and suggesting alternative summer investment avenues. Thirdly, a sell-in-May strategy, incorporating both equity and bond ETFs, is backtested, demonstrating its ability to outperform traditional buy-and-hold strategies in terms of returns and risk over the past twenty years. Particularly noteworthy is the observation that long-term bond ETFs exhibit higher returns during the summer period, while short-term bond ETFs offer relatively safer options. These findings contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of seasonal investing strategies, offering valuable insights for investors seeking to outperform traditional approaches.

Suggested Citation

  • Hsu, Chih-Hsiang & Lien, Donald, 2025. "To outperform: Sell-in-May enhanced with bond investments," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:pacfin:v:90:y:2025:i:c:s0927538x24003639
    DOI: 10.1016/j.pacfin.2024.102611
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