Spatial characterization of marine recreational boating: Exploring the use of an on-the-water questionnaire for a case study in the Pacific Northwest

Information about spatial patterns of recreational boating is important for managing environmental, safety, and social impacts. However, traditional spatial mapping techniques such as remote sensing are often unable to project entire vessel routes or to link with other important data such as demographics, activities, or purpose of trip. This study, conducted in a part of Canada's southern Strait of Georgia, uses an on-the-water-questionnaire to map recreational boating distribution/density in a complex, multiple-use marine setting. Goals of this study were to explore an on-the-water questionnaire as a means of capturing boating distribution and density, explore the potential contributions of such information to marine spatial planning, and assess the strengths and limitations of the method. Boaters (n=519) were intercepted while engaged in boating trips and were asked to plot the route of their trip on a map of the region. Information was imported into ArcGIS for analysis and display of vessel distribution and density. The resultant spatial dataset has a number of applications for marine spatial planning and management. Strengths of this method include collection of entire vessel routes, linking spatial data to questionnaire variables, and a high response rate. Limitations include some bias towards sample sites and issues of respondent accuracy, as well as cost and effort. Recommendations for management and research are made.