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Herder stocking rate and household income under the Grassland Ecological Protection Award Policy in northern China

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  • Yin, Yantin
  • Hou, Yulu
  • Langford, Colin
  • Bai, Haihua
  • Hou, Xianyang

Abstract

The Grassland Ecological Protection Award Policy (GEPAP) is the largest payment for ecosystem services (PES) program targeting grasslands in China. It subsidizes households to reduce livestock numbers or ban the grazing of livestock to restrict the large-scale degradation of grasslands. While the GEPAP has drawn attention to these issues, questions regarding the performance of the GEPAP have still not been clearly answered. This research used a balanced dataset of 726 surveyed households from 5 regions of Inner Mongolia to assess the impacts of the policy on stocking rate and household income. Results indicated that contrary to the aim of the GEPAP, the overall stocking rate marginally significantly increased. Net household income extremely significantly decreased even though total income increased. Income from animals still formed the major proportion of household income, and off-farm income only played a complementary role in household income even though there was an increase in the amount and its proportion in total household income. Regression results indicated that the households with a lower subsidy level tended to have higher stocking rates and incomes. Stocking rate was unrelated to the policy or market price for livestock, while the household income was positively affected by livestock price. Results from this research have implications for the design, implementation and enforcement of conservation programs of grasslands in China and other developing countries.

Suggested Citation

  • Yin, Yantin & Hou, Yulu & Langford, Colin & Bai, Haihua & Hou, Xianyang, 2019. "Herder stocking rate and household income under the Grassland Ecological Protection Award Policy in northern China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 120-129.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:82:y:2019:i:c:p:120-129
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.11.037
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Haibin Dong & Saheed Olaide Jimoh & Yulu Hou & Xiangyang Hou, 2020. "Willingness to Pay for Livestock Husbandry Insurance: An Empirical Analysis of Grassland Farms in Inner Mongolia, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(18), pages 1-13, September.
    2. Li Yang & Guanghua Qiao, 2023. "Grassland Ecological Compensation, Income Level and Policy Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis Based on a Survey of Herders in Ecological Protection Redline Areas," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(2), pages 1-17, January.
    3. Pan, Ying & Wu, Junxi & Zhang, Yanjie & Zhang, Xianzhou & Yu, Chengqun, 2021. "Simultaneous enhancement of ecosystem services and poverty reduction through adjustments to subsidy policies relating to grassland use in Tibet, China," Ecosystem Services, Elsevier, vol. 48(C).
    4. Yan Yu & Ya Wu & Pan Wang & Yili Zhang & Liang Emlyn Yang & Xian Cheng & Jianzhong Yan, 2021. "Grassland Subsidies Increase the Number of Livestock on the Tibetan Plateau: Why Does the “Payment for Ecosystem Services” Policy Have the Opposite Outcome?," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-20, May.
    5. Cuizhen Xia & Lihua Zhou & Ya Wang & Xiaodong Pei, 2022. "Tibetan Herders’ Life Satisfaction and Determinants under the Pastureland Rehabilitation Program: A Case Study of Maduo County, China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Byrne, Anne T. & Hadrich, Joleen C. & Robinson, Brian E. & Han, Guodong, 2020. "A factor-income approach to estimating grassland protection subsidy payments to livestock herders in Inner Mongolia, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Zeng Tang & Shiqi Guan & Menglin Zhao & Lijia Wang & Ying Liu & Yubing Fan, 2022. "Grassland Transfer and Its Income Effect: Evidence from Pastoral Areas of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(11), pages 1-20, November.
    8. Jiayu Dong & Zimeng Ren & Xinling Zhang & Xiaoling Liu, 2023. "Pastoral Differentiations’ Effects on Willingness to Accept Valuation for Grassland Eco-Subsidy—Empirical Study of 410 Herder Households in Grass–Livestock Balance Sub-Policy Zones in Inner Mongolia, ," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-20, June.
    9. Feng, Xiaolong & Qiu, Huanguang & Liu, Mingyue & Tang, Jianjun, 2024. "Innovation of grassland ecological governance systems: Synergy between government regulation and grassroots governance," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 217(C).
    10. Zhidong Li & Boru Su & Moucheng Liu, 2022. "Research Progress on the Theory and Practice of Grassland Eco-Compensation in China," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-16, May.
    11. Hong Chang & Xinchao Liu & Yu Xie & Yahong Liu & Wu Yang & Jianming Niu, 2022. "The Grassland Ecological Compensation Policy Drives the Differentiation of Herders’ Livelihoods in Inner Mongolian Desert Grassland," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(9), pages 1-15, August.
    12. Zhichao Xue & Martin Kappas & Daniel Wyss, 2021. "Spatio-Temporal Grassland Development in Inner Mongolia after Implementation of the First Comprehensive Nation-Wide Grassland Conservation Program," Land, MDPI, vol. 10(1), pages 1-16, January.
    13. Lijia Wang & Zeng Tang & Qisheng Feng & Xin Wang, 2022. "Informal Institutions and Herders’ Grazing Intensity Reduction Behavior: Evidence from Pastoral Areas in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(9), pages 1-15, August.
    14. Mingyue Li & Pujie Zhao & Lianbei Wu & Kai Chen, 2021. "Effects of Value Perception, Environmental Regulation and Their Interaction on the Improvement of Herdsmen’s Grassland Ecological Policy Satisfaction," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 18(6), pages 1-23, March.
    15. Liu, Min & Dries, Liesbeth & Huang, Jikun & Min, Shi & Tang, Jianjun, 2019. "The impacts of the eco-environmental policy on grassland degradation and livestock production in Inner Mongolia, China: An empirical analysis based on the simultaneous equation model," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 88(C).
    16. Xuhuan Dai & Zhilong Wu & Yao Fan & Bo Li & Zihan Yang & Bo Nan & Xu Bi, 2019. "Characteristics and Determinants of Livelihood Diversification of Different Household Types in Far Northwestern China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(1), pages 1-20, December.
    17. Qian, Qian & Wang, Junbang & Zhang, Xiujuan & Wang, Shaoqiang & Li, Yingnian & Wang, Qinxue & Watson, Alan E. & Zhao, Xinquan, 2022. "Improving herders’ income through alpine grassland husbandry on Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    18. Shi, Yuxing & Cai, Yu & Zhao, Minjuan, 2021. "Social interaction effect of rotational grazing and its policy implications for sustainable use of grassland: Evidence from pastoral areas in Inner Mongolia and Gansu, China," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C).
    19. Yiran Zhang & Wuriliga & Yong Ding & Fang Li & Yujuan Zhang & Min Su & Shuhui Li & Li Liu, 2022. "Effectiveness of Grassland Protection and Pastoral Area Development under the Grassland Ecological Conservation Subsidy and Reward Policy," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(8), pages 1-15, August.
    20. Huilong Lin & Yuting Zhao & Ghulam Mujtaba Kalhoro, 2022. "Ecological Response of the Subsidy and Incentive System for Grassland Conservation in China," Land, MDPI, vol. 11(3), pages 1-23, February.

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