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The diversity impact of democracy on forest protection: Global evidence

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  • Wang, Quan-Jing
  • Peng, Xin-Yu
  • Wang, Hai-Jie
  • Chang, Chun-Ping

Abstract

This research mainly examines the influence of democracy on forest protection by employing an estimation of generalized method of moments (GMM) and data on 111 countries during the period 1991–2018. The empirical results suggest that democracies tend to do better at forest protection, which is supported when we conduct several robustness tests. If the regimes transform from lower democratic to higher democratic, then this is also beneficial for forest protection. Although liberal democracy, electoral democracy, participatory democracy, and deliberative democracy promote forest protection, egalitarian democracy does not bring about the forest protection. Additionally, better control of corruption strengthens the positive effect of democracy on forest protection, while the utilization of renewable energy, trade globalization, and business freedom weaken it. Finally, parliamentary democracies and majoritarian democracies are more likely to protect forests than presidential democracies or proportional democracies.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Quan-Jing & Peng, Xin-Yu & Wang, Hai-Jie & Chang, Chun-Ping, 2023. "The diversity impact of democracy on forest protection: Global evidence," Land Use Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:lauspo:v:125:y:2023:i:c:s0264837722004926
    DOI: 10.1016/j.landusepol.2022.106465
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Democracy; Forest protection; Moderating effect; Different democracies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • H11 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Structure and Scope of Government
    • P48 - Political Economy and Comparative Economic Systems - - Other Economic Systems - - - Legal Institutions; Property Rights; Natural Resources; Energy; Environment; Regional Studies
    • Q54 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Climate; Natural Disasters and their Management; Global Warming

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