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High impact prioritization of bikeshare program investment to improve disadvantaged communities' access to jobs and essential services

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  • Qian, Xiaodong
  • Niemeier, Deb

Abstract

Bikeshare programs are increasingly popular in the United States and they offer an important alternative mode choice for many types of last-mile trips. Bikeshare systems have not captured high levels of ridership from disadvantaged populations, but there is some evidence that current bikeshare systems have specifically targeted certain populations to ensure sufficiently high demand for profitability. Far less attention has been paid to bikeshare programs' potential to provide greater access to jobs and essential services for disadvantaged communities. This paper uses two case study cities (Chicago and Philadelphia) to first, examine whether bikeshare systems have targeted specific populations, and to second, quantitatively assess the potential for bikeshare systems to provide greater accessibility for disadvantaged communities. Our results demonstrate that a well-designed bikeshare system can generate greater accessibility improvements for disadvantaged communities than the same system would produce for other populations. Using a newly developed spatial index that combines the potential for increased access to jobs and essential services, the level of bike infrastructure, and the disadvantaged population shares, we also find evidence that existing bikeshare systems have been specifically designed to target certain ridership. We find that locating stations in proximity to disadvantaged communities has the potential to increase household access (by bike and by bike-to-transit) to jobs and essential services and can close accessibility gaps between mobility constrained populations and critical services. The spatial index can be applied to identify potential locations to locate bikeshare stations (dock-based bikeshare systems) or rebalance bikes (dockless bikeshare systems) to address bikeshare equity issues.

Suggested Citation

  • Qian, Xiaodong & Niemeier, Deb, 2019. "High impact prioritization of bikeshare program investment to improve disadvantaged communities' access to jobs and essential services," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 52-70.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:76:y:2019:i:c:p:52-70
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2019.02.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Fishman, Elliot & Washington, Simon & Haworth, Narelle & Mazzei, Armando, 2014. "Barriers to bikesharing: an analysis from Melbourne and Brisbane," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 325-337.
    2. Christie, Nicola & Kimberlee, Richard & Towner, Elizabeth & Rodgers, Sarah & Ward, Heather & Sleney, Judith & Lyons, Ronan, 2011. "Children aged 9–14 living in disadvantaged areas in England: Opportunities and barriers for cycling," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 943-949.
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    Cited by:

    1. Gu, Tianqi & Xu, Weiping & Liang, Hua & He, Qing & Zheng, Nan, 2024. "School bus transport service strategies’ policy-making mechanism – An evolutionary game approach," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 182(C).
    2. Qian, Xiaodong & Jaller, Miguel & Niemeier, Debbie, 2020. "Enhancing equitable service level: Which can address better, dockless or dock-based Bikeshare systems?," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    3. Yoo, Sunbin & Hong, Sungwan & Park, Yeongkyung & Okuyama, Akihiro & Zhang, Zhaozhe & Yoshida, Yoshikuni & Managi, Shunsuke, 2021. "Danger, Respect, and Indifference: Bike-Sharing Choices in Shanghai and Tokyo using Latent Choice Models," MPRA Paper 108312, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    4. Rahman, M. Shafiq-Ur, 2020. "Public bike-sharing schemes (PBSS): Prospects in Bangladesh," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 142(C), pages 207-224.
    5. Cunha, Isabel & Silva, Cecília, 2023. "Assessing the equity impact of cycling infrastructure allocation: Implications for planning practice," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 15-26.
    6. Chen, Zhiwei & Li, Xiaopeng, 2021. "Unobserved heterogeneity in transportation equity analysis: Evidence from a bike-sharing system in southern Tampa," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).
    7. Chen, Zhiwei & Guo, Yujie & Stuart, Amy L. & Zhang, Yu & Li, Xiaopeng, 2019. "Exploring the equity performance of bike-sharing systems with disaggregated data: A story of southern Tampa," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 529-545.
    8. Qian, Xiaodong & Xiao, Runhua (Ivan) & Joby, Raina & Jaller, Miguel, 2024. "Optimizing bikeshare service to connect affordable housing units with transit service," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).
    9. Qian, Xiaodong & Jaller, Miguel, 2020. "Bikesharing, equity, and disadvantaged communities: A case study in Chicago," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 140(C), pages 354-371.
    10. Qian, Xiaodong, 2019. "Modeling Framework for Socially Inclusive Bikesharing Services," Institute of Transportation Studies, Working Paper Series qt4kp5092s, Institute of Transportation Studies, UC Davis.
    11. Fan, Zhufeng & Harper, Corey D., 2024. "Taking a multimodal approach to equitable bike share station siting," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Zhou, Zhaoqi & Schwanen, Tim, 2024. "Exploring the production of spatial inequality in dockless bicycle sharing in Shenzhen," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 119(C).
    13. Oviedo, Daniel & Sabogal-Cardona, Orlando, 2022. "Arguments for cycling as a mechanism for sustainable modal shifts in Bogotá," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 99(C).
    14. Qian, Xiaodong & Jaller, Miguel & Circella, Giovanni, 2022. "Equitable distribution of bikeshare stations: An optimization approach," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 98(C).
    15. Javad J. C. Aman & Myriam Zakhem & Janille Smith-Colin, 2021. "Towards Equity in Micromobility: Spatial Analysis of Access to Bikes and Scooters amongst Disadvantaged Populations," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(21), pages 1-15, October.

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