Potential risk factors of child pedestrian crashes after-school hours in Seoul, Korea

Considering child pedestrian safety is increasingly recognized as a critical social concern, this study investigates the patterns and potential risk factors associated with child pedestrian crashes in Seoul, Korea, specifically during after-school hours, which have received relatively little attention. Spatiotemporal patterns of child pedestrian crashes and their daily activity patterns were examined through a descriptive analysis of household travel records and hotspot analysis of crash incidences. Zero-inflated negative binomial models were further estimated to identify potential risk factors affecting child pedestrian crash incidents by time of day. The findings indicate a significant disparity in patterns and risk factors between child pedestrian crashes before and after school hours, possibly explained by the proximity to major travel destinations such as schools and Hagwons (i.e., private educational facilities). Although relevant policy efforts have primarily focused on nearby schools and home-to-school trips, this study provides evidence of potentially hazardous areas at times and locations other than schools. These insights contribute toward a deeper understanding of urban child pedestrian safety, emphasizing the need for comprehensive safety measures that cover children's daily routines.