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How to conduct monetary policies. The ECB in the past, present and future

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  • De Grauwe, Paul
  • Ji, Yuemei

Abstract

We study the evolving operating procedures used by the ECB since its creation. During the period up to 2015, bank reserves were scarce and the ECB, like other central banks, used a corridor system in which the money market rate could fluctuate within the bounds set by the lending and the deposit rates. With the start of Quantitative Easing (QE) the operating procedure evolved into a regime of reserve abundance. This regime has become problematic since the inflation surge forced the central banks to raise the policy rate. The result has been a massive transfer of central banks’ profits (and more) to the banks. We propose a two-tier system of reserve requirements that would only remunerate the reserves in excess of the minimum required. This would drastically reduce the giveaways to banks, allow the central banks to maintain their current operating procedures and make monetary policies more effective in fighting inflation.

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  • De Grauwe, Paul & Ji, Yuemei, 2024. "How to conduct monetary policies. The ECB in the past, present and future," Journal of International Money and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jimfin:v:143:y:2024:i:c:s0261560624000354
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jimonfin.2024.103048
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    Cited by:

    1. Sergio Cesaratto & Eladio Febrero & George Pantelopoulos, 2024. "Redistributing central bank profits & losses across the Eurosystem: the Eurosystem's monetary income," FMM Working Paper 104-2024, IMK at the Hans Boeckler Foundation, Macroeconomic Policy Institute.

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