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Financing bidders in takeover contests

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  • Vladimirov, Vladimir

Abstract

This paper argues that endogenizing how acquirers finance their cash bids is just as important for understanding bidding in takeovers as endogenizing acquirers׳ payment method choice. The paper shows that acquirers finance their cash bids with equity only if they lack access to competitive financing. This leads to underbidding and lower takeover premiums. Conversely, acquirers with access to competitive financing use debt and overbid. Endogenizing the payment method reveals that security (e.g., stock) bids carry lower premiums than cash bids, backed by competitive financing. These insights find empirical support and could help explain existing evidence, which contradicts prior theory.

Suggested Citation

  • Vladimirov, Vladimir, 2015. "Financing bidders in takeover contests," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 117(3), pages 534-557.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfinec:v:117:y:2015:i:3:p:534-557
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfineco.2015.06.002
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    Cited by:

    1. Inderst, Roman & Vladimirov, Vladimir, 2019. "Growth Firms and Relationship Finance: A Capital Structure Approach," CEPR Discussion Papers 13640, C.E.P.R. Discussion Papers.
    2. Huang, Sheng & Maharjan, Johan & Nanda, Vikram, 2024. "Liquid stock as an acquisition currency," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    3. Chih-Huei Banks, 2024. "Certification of acquisitions by external parties: evidence on acquirers’ banking relationships," Journal of Economics and Finance, Springer;Academy of Economics and Finance, vol. 48(3), pages 708-733, September.
    4. Roman Inderst & Vladimir Vladimirov, 2019. "Growth Firms and Relationship Finance: A Capital Structure Perspective," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(11), pages 5411-5426, November.
    5. Gao, Ning & Hua, Chen & Khurshed, Arif, 2021. "Loan price in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of Corporate Finance, Elsevier, vol. 67(C).
    6. Mario Fischer, 2015. "Challenging the payment effect in bank-financed takeovers," Journal of Management Control: Zeitschrift für Planung und Unternehmenssteuerung, Springer, vol. 26(4), pages 347-376, October.
    7. Huang, Ying Sophie & Guo, Feng & Ma, Lina, 2023. "Do M&A funds create value in Chinese listed firms?," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 79(C).
    8. Fischer, Mario, 2017. "The source of financing in mergers and acquisitions," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 227-239.
    9. Sheng Huang & Ruichang Lu & Anand Srinivasan, 2022. "Bank Dependence and Bank Financing in Corporate M&A," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 68(3), pages 2250-2283, March.
    10. Meng, Bo & Vijh, Anand M., 2021. "Stock merger activity and industry performance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    11. Mittal, Amit & Garg, Ajay Kumar, 2017. "Private information implications for acquirers and targets in horizontal mergers," MPRA Paper 85355, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Chen, Jia & Gao, Ya-Chun & Li, Qiang & Zeng, Yong, 2020. "Cash holdings, M&A decision and risk premium," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 537(C).
    13. Azizjon Alimov, 2021. "The Impact of Government Borrowing on Corporate Acquisitions: International Evidence," Working Papers 2021-ACF-04, IESEG School of Management, revised Mar 2023.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Takeover premiums; Financing bidders; Takeover contests; Financial constraints; Security design;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D44 - Microeconomics - - Market Structure, Pricing, and Design - - - Auctions
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill
    • G34 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Mergers; Acquisitions; Restructuring; Corporate Governance

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