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A simple combination of univariate models

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  • Petropoulos, Fotios
  • Svetunkov, Ivan

Abstract

This paper describes the approach that we implemented for producing the point forecasts and prediction intervals for our M4-competition submission. The proposed simple combination of univariate models (SCUM) is a median combination of the point forecasts and prediction intervals of four models, namely exponential smoothing, complex exponential smoothing, automatic autoregressive integrated moving average and dynamic optimised theta. Our submission performed very well in the M4-competition, being ranked 6th for the point forecasts (with a small difference compared to the 2nd submission) and prediction intervals and 2nd and 3rd for the point forecasts of the weekly and quarterly data respectively.

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  • Petropoulos, Fotios & Svetunkov, Ivan, 2020. "A simple combination of univariate models," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 110-115.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intfor:v:36:y:2020:i:1:p:110-115
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijforecast.2019.01.006
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    6. Athanasopoulos, George & Hyndman, Rob J. & Kourentzes, Nikolaos & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2017. "Forecasting with temporal hierarchies," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 262(1), pages 60-74.
    7. Makridakis, Spyros & Hibon, Michele, 2000. "The M3-Competition: results, conclusions and implications," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 451-476.
    8. Fotios Petropoulos & Nikolaos Kourentzes, 2014. "Improving Forecasting via Multiple Temporal Aggregation," Foresight: The International Journal of Applied Forecasting, International Institute of Forecasters, issue 34, pages 12-17, Summer.
    9. Petropoulos, Fotios & Wang, Xun & Disney, Stephen M., 2019. "The inventory performance of forecasting methods: Evidence from the M3 competition data," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 251-265.
    10. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2018. "The M4 Competition: Results, findings, conclusion and way forward," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 34(4), pages 802-808.
    11. Kenneth C. Lichtendahl & Yael Grushka-Cockayne & Robert L. Winkler, 2013. "Is It Better to Average Probabilities or Quantiles?," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 59(7), pages 1594-1611, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Pantelis Agathangelou & Demetris Trihinas & Ioannis Katakis, 2020. "A Multi-Factor Analysis of Forecasting Methods: A Study on the M4 Competition," Data, MDPI, vol. 5(2), pages 1-24, April.
    2. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2022. "Predicting/hypothesizing the findings of the M5 competition," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 1337-1345.
    3. Evangelos Spiliotis & Fotios Petropoulos & Konstantinos Nikolopoulos, 2020. "The Impact of Imperfect Weather Forecasts on Wind Power Forecasting Performance: Evidence from Two Wind Farms in Greece," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-18, April.
    4. Li Li & Yanfei Kang & Fotios Petropoulos & Feng Li, 2022. "Feature-based intermittent demand forecast combinations: bias, accuracy and inventory implications," Papers 2204.08283, arXiv.org, revised Aug 2022.
    5. Kang, Yanfei & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Petropoulos, Fotios & Athiniotis, Nikolaos & Li, Feng & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2021. "Déjà vu: A data-centric forecasting approach through time series cross-similarity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 719-731.
    6. Kang, Yanfei & Cao, Wei & Petropoulos, Fotios & Li, Feng, 2022. "Forecast with forecasts: Diversity matters," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 301(1), pages 180-190.
    7. Erjiang E & Ming Yu & Xin Tian & Ye Tao, 2022. "Dynamic Model Selection Based on Demand Pattern Classification in Retail Sales Forecasting," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(17), pages 1-16, September.
    8. David T. Frazier & Ruben Loaiza-Maya & Gael M. Martin & Bonsoo Koo, 2021. "Loss-Based Variational Bayes Prediction," Papers 2104.14054, arXiv.org, revised May 2022.
    9. Wang, Xiaoqian & Hyndman, Rob J. & Li, Feng & Kang, Yanfei, 2023. "Forecast combinations: An over 50-year review," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(4), pages 1518-1547.
    10. Hounyo, Ulrich & Lahiri, Kajal, 2023. "Estimating the variance of a combined forecast: Bootstrap-based approach," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 232(2), pages 445-468.
    11. Wilson, Tom & Grossman, Irina & Temple, Jeromey, 2023. "Evaluation of the best M4 competition methods for small area population forecasting," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 110-122.
    12. Talagala, Thiyanga S. & Li, Feng & Kang, Yanfei, 2022. "FFORMPP: Feature-based forecast model performance prediction," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 920-943.
    13. Massimiliano Giacalone, 2022. "Optimal forecasting accuracy using Lp-norm combination," METRON, Springer;Sapienza Università di Roma, vol. 80(2), pages 187-230, August.
    14. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2020. "The M4 Competition: 100,000 time series and 61 forecasting methods," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 54-74.
    15. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2022. "M5 accuracy competition: Results, findings, and conclusions," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(4), pages 1346-1364.
    16. Manlika Ratchagit & Honglei Xu, 2022. "A Two-Delay Combination Model for Stock Price Prediction," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 10(19), pages 1-21, September.
    17. Hollyman, Ross & Petropoulos, Fotios & Tipping, Michael E., 2021. "Understanding forecast reconciliation," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(1), pages 149-160.

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