IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/insuma/v59y2014icp87-99.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Dynamic hybrid products in life insurance: Assessing the policyholders’ viewpoint

Author

Listed:
  • Bohnert, Alexander
  • Born, Patricia
  • Gatzert, Nadine

Abstract

Dynamic hybrid life insurance products are intended to meet new consumer needs regarding stability in terms of guarantees as well as sufficient upside potential. In contrast to traditional participating or classical unit-linked life insurance products, the guarantee offered to the policyholders is achieved by a periodical rebalancing process between three funds: the policy reserves (i.e. the premium reserve stock, thus causing interaction effects with traditional participating life insurance contracts), a guarantee fund, and an equity fund. In this paper, we consider an insurer offering both, dynamic hybrid and traditional participating life insurance contracts and focus on the policyholders’ perspective. The results show that higher guarantees do not necessarily imply a higher willingness-to-pay, but that in case of dynamic hybrid contracts, a minimum guarantee level should be offered in order to ensure that the willingness-to-pay exceeds the minimum premium the insurer has to charge when selling the contract. In addition, strong interaction effects can be found between the two products, which particularly impact the willingness-to-pay of the dynamic hybrids.

Suggested Citation

  • Bohnert, Alexander & Born, Patricia & Gatzert, Nadine, 2014. "Dynamic hybrid products in life insurance: Assessing the policyholders’ viewpoint," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 87-99.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:59:y:2014:i:c:p:87-99
    DOI: 10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.09.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167668714001176
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.insmatheco.2014.09.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Broeders, Dirk & Chen, An & Koos, Birgit, 2011. "A utility-based comparison of pension funds and life insurance companies under regulatory constraints," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 1-10, July.
    2. Janne Gustafsson & Ahti Salo, 2005. "Contingent Portfolio Programming for the Management of Risky Projects," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 53(6), pages 946-956, December.
    3. Berketi, Alexandra K., 1999. "Insolvency risk and its impact on the policyholders' investment choices: a mean-variance approach for participating life insurance business in UK," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 25(3), pages 349-372, December.
    4. Fishburn, Peter C, 1977. "Mean-Risk Analysis with Risk Associated with Below-Target Returns," American Economic Review, American Economic Association, vol. 67(2), pages 116-126, March.
    5. Leland, Hayne E, 1980. "Who Should Buy Portfolio Insurance?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 35(2), pages 581-594, May.
    6. Roger Feldman & Jennifer Schultz, 2004. "Consumer Demand for Guaranteed Renewability in Health Insurance," Journal of Consumer Policy, Springer, vol. 27(1), pages 75-97, March.
    7. Mayers, David & Smith, Clifford W, Jr, 1983. "The Interdependence of Individual Portfolio Decisions and the Demand for Insurance," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 91(2), pages 304-311, April.
    8. Nadine Gatzert & Ines Holzmüller & Hato Schmeiser, 2012. "Creating Customer Value in Participating Life Insurance," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 79(3), pages 645-670, September.
    9. Claymore Marshall & Mary Hardy & David Saunders, 2010. "Valuation of a Guaranteed Minimum Income Benefit," North American Actuarial Journal, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 14(1), pages 38-58.
    10. Schradin, Heinrich R. & Pohl, Barbara & Koch, Oliver, 2006. "Herausforderungen für die Lebensversicherung in Deutschland," Mitteilungen 2/2006, University of Cologne, Institute of Insurance Science.
    11. Grosen, Anders & Lochte Jorgensen, Peter, 2000. "Fair valuation of life insurance liabilities: The impact of interest rate guarantees, surrender options, and bonus policies," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 37-57, February.
    12. Trond M Døskeland & Helge A Nordahl, 2008. "Intergenerational Effects of Guaranteed Pension Contracts," The Geneva Risk and Insurance Review, Palgrave Macmillan;International Association for the Study of Insurance Economics (The Geneva Association), vol. 33(1), pages 19-46, June.
    13. Alexander Bohnert & Nadine Gatzert, 2014. "Fair Valuation and Risk Assessment of Dynamic Hybrid Products in Life Insurance: A Portfolio Consideration*," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 39(1), pages 148-172, January.
    14. Nadine Gatzert & Carin Huber & Hato Schmeiser, 2011. "On the Valuation of Investment Guarantees in Unit-linked Life Insurance: A Customer Perspective," The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, Palgrave Macmillan;The Geneva Association, vol. 36(1), pages 3-29, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Christian Eckert, 2019. "Dealing with Low Interest Rates in Life Insurance: An Analysis of Additional Reserves in the German Life Insurance Industry," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 12(3), pages 1-20, July.
    2. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Nguyen, Thai, 2019. "Constrained non-concave utility maximization: An application to life insurance contracts with guarantees," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 1119-1135.
    3. Hambardzumyan, Hayk & Korn, Ralf, 2019. "Dynamic hybrid products with guarantees—An optimal portfolio framework," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 54-66.
    4. Nikolaj Moretti & Johannes Bartels, 2021. "Interaction effects between dynamic hybrid products and traditional deferred annuities in the German life insurance market," Financial Markets and Portfolio Management, Springer;Swiss Society for Financial Market Research, vol. 35(2), pages 193-224, June.
    5. Patrick Matussek, 2017. "Low interest rates and life insurance with equity insurance fund on German market (Niskie stopy procentowe a ubezpieczenia na zycie z ubezpieczeniowym funduszem kapitalowym na rynku niemieckim)," Research Reports, University of Warsaw, Faculty of Management, vol. 2(24), pages 142-149.
    6. M. Carmen Boado-Penas & Julia Eisenberg & Paul Kruhner, 2019. "Maximising with-profit pensions without guarantees," Papers 1912.11858, arXiv.org.
    7. Alexander Bohnert, 2015. "The Impact of Guarantees on the Performance of Pension Saving Schemes: Insights from the Literature," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, November.
    8. Boado-Penas, M. Carmen & Brinker, Leonie V. & Eisenberg, Julia & Korn, Ralf, 2023. "Managing reputational risk in the decumulation phase of a pension fund," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 52-68.
    9. Hanna, Vanessa & Hieber, Peter & Devolder, Pierre, 2021. "Mixed participating and unit-linked life insurance contracts: design, pricing and optimal strategy," LIDAM Discussion Papers ISBA 2021010, Université catholique de Louvain, Institute of Statistics, Biostatistics and Actuarial Sciences (ISBA).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Thomas Url, 2014. "Vorteile der Risikoübernahme in der klassischen Lebensversicherung," WIFO Studies, WIFO, number 60603, April.
    2. Alexander Bohnert, 2015. "The Impact of Guarantees on the Performance of Pension Saving Schemes: Insights from the Literature," Risks, MDPI, vol. 3(4), pages 1-28, November.
    3. Bohnert, Alexander & Gatzert, Nadine, 2012. "Analyzing surplus appropriation schemes in participating life insurance from the insurer’s and the policyholder’s perspective," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 50(1), pages 64-78.
    4. Eling, Martin & Holder, Stefan, 2013. "The value of interest rate guarantees in participating life insurance contracts: Status quo and alternative product design," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 491-503.
    5. Gatzert, Nadine, 2019. "An analysis of transaction costs in participating life insurance under mean–variance preferences," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 185-197.
    6. Bohnert, Alexander & Gatzert, Nadine & Jørgensen, Peter Løchte, 2015. "On the management of life insurance company risk by strategic choice of product mix, investment strategy and surplus appropriation schemes," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 83-97.
    7. Antje Mahayni & Oliver Lubos & Sascha Offermann, 2021. "Minimum return rate guarantees under default risk: optimal design of quantile guarantees," Review of Managerial Science, Springer, vol. 15(7), pages 1821-1848, October.
    8. Chen, An & Fuino, Michel & Sehner, Thorsten & Wagner, Joël, 2022. "Valuation of long-term care options embedded in life annuities," Annals of Actuarial Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 16(1), pages 68-94, March.
    9. Bruszas, Sandy & Kaschützke, Barbara & Maurer, Raimond & Siegelin, Ivonne, 2018. "Unisex pricing of German participating life annuities—Boon or bane for customer and insurance company?," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 78(C), pages 230-245.
    10. Goecke, Oskar, 2013. "Pension saving schemes with return smoothing mechanism," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 53(3), pages 678-689.
    11. Bertrand, Philippe & Prigent, Jean-luc, 2011. "Omega performance measure and portfolio insurance," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 35(7), pages 1811-1823, July.
    12. Srbinoski Bojan & Strozzi Fernanda & Poposki Klime & Born Patricia H., 2020. "Trends in Life Insurance Demand and Lapse Literature," Asia-Pacific Journal of Risk and Insurance, De Gruyter, vol. 14(2), pages 1-46, July.
    13. Chen, An & Hieber, Peter & Nguyen, Thai, 2019. "Constrained non-concave utility maximization: An application to life insurance contracts with guarantees," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 273(3), pages 1119-1135.
    14. Jing Ai & Patrick L. Brockett & Tianyang Wang, 2017. "Optimal Enterprise Risk Management and Decision Making With Shared and Dependent Risks," Journal of Risk & Insurance, The American Risk and Insurance Association, vol. 84(4), pages 1127-1169, December.
    15. Gatzert, Nadine, 2008. "Asset management and surplus distribution strategies in life insurance: An examination with respect to risk pricing and risk measurement," Insurance: Mathematics and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 42(2), pages 839-849, April.
    16. An Chen & Thai Nguyen & Thorsten Sehner, 2022. "Unit-Linked Tontine: Utility-Based Design, Pricing and Performance," Risks, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-27, April.
    17. Bernard, Carole & Boyle, Phelim P., 2011. "A Natural Hedge for Equity Indexed Annuities," Annals of Actuarial Science, Cambridge University Press, vol. 5(2), pages 211-230, September.
    18. Dipankar Mondal & N. Selvaraju, 2022. "Convexity, two-fund separation and asset ranking in a mean-LPM portfolio selection framework," OR Spectrum: Quantitative Approaches in Management, Springer;Gesellschaft für Operations Research e.V., vol. 44(1), pages 225-248, March.
    19. Wojtek Michalowski & Włodzimierz Ogryczak, 2001. "Extending the MAD portfolio optimization model to incorporate downside risk aversion," Naval Research Logistics (NRL), John Wiley & Sons, vol. 48(3), pages 185-200, April.
    20. Ogryczak, Wlodzimierz & Ruszczynski, Andrzej, 1999. "From stochastic dominance to mean-risk models: Semideviations as risk measures," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 116(1), pages 33-50, July.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:insuma:v:59:y:2014:i:c:p:87-99. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/inca/505554 .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.