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Evaluation of the ability of the Shodan search engine to identify Internet-facing industrial control devices

Author

Listed:
  • Bodenheim, Roland
  • Butts, Jonathan
  • Dunlap, Stephen
  • Mullins, Barry

Abstract

The Shodan computer search engine has received significant attention due to its ability to identify and index Internet-facing industrial control system components. Industrial control systems are employed in numerous critical infrastructure assets, including oil and gas pipelines, water distribution systems, electrical power grids, nuclear plants and manufacturing facilities. The ability of malicious actors to identify industrial control devices that are accessible over the Internet is cause for alarm. Indeed, Shodan provides attackers with a powerful reconnaissance tool for targeting industrial control systems.

Suggested Citation

  • Bodenheim, Roland & Butts, Jonathan & Dunlap, Stephen & Mullins, Barry, 2014. "Evaluation of the ability of the Shodan search engine to identify Internet-facing industrial control devices," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 7(2), pages 114-123.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ijocip:v:7:y:2014:i:2:p:114-123
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcip.2014.03.001
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    Cited by:

    1. Winn, Michael & Rice, Mason & Dunlap, Stephen & Lopez, Juan & Mullins, Barry, 2015. "Constructing cost-effective and targetable industrial control system honeypots for production networks," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 10(C), pages 47-58.
    2. Kitchin, Rob & Dodge, Martin, 2017. "The (in)security of smart cities: vulnerabilities, risks, mitigation and prevention," SocArXiv f6z63, Center for Open Science.
    3. Martín-Liras, Luis & Prada, Miguel A. & Fuertes, Juan J. & Morán, Antonio & Alonso, Serafín & Domínguez, Manuel, 2017. "Comparative analysis of the security of configuration protocols for industrial control devices," International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection, Elsevier, vol. 19(C), pages 4-15.

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