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Governmental regulation and nongovernmental certification of forests in the tropics: Policy, execution, uptake, and overlap in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua

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  • McGinley, Kathleen
  • Cubbage, Frederick W.

Abstract

We analyzed how and why governmental forest regulation and nongovernmental forest certification in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua and their execution lead to, or fail to produce desired changes in forest owner and user behavior toward the enhanced sustainability of tropical forests. The findings confirmed not only that sufficient resources and capacity for forest policy execution are crucial for attaining policy objectives, but also that innovative arrangements for promoting, verifying, and enforcing policy compliance can compensate for limited resources and processes. Such arrangements incorporate a mixture of policy tools and actors that go beyond the traditional command-and-control approach, including the establishment of positive fiscal incentives for sustainable forest management, provision of technical assistance, participation of private-sector forest stewards, and support from nongovernmental organizations. The results also shed light on the mitigating effects of local-level inducements and constraints to governmental and nongovernmental forest policy adoption and compliance, such as forest size and composition, available resources, technical capacity, and attitudes toward forest policy and implementers.

Suggested Citation

  • McGinley, Kathleen & Cubbage, Frederick W., 2011. "Governmental regulation and nongovernmental certification of forests in the tropics: Policy, execution, uptake, and overlap in Costa Rica, Guatemala, and Nicaragua," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 13(3), pages 206-220, March.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:forpol:v:13:y:2011:i:3:p:206-220
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    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Cubbage, Frederick & Harou, Patrice & Sills, Erin, 2007. "Policy instruments to enhance multi-functional forest management," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 9(7), pages 833-851, April.
    2. Laurence S. Moss, 2003. "Editor's Introduction," American Journal of Economics and Sociology, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 62(2), pages 315-318, April.
    3. Lars H. Gulbrandsen, 2004. "Overlapping Public and Private Governance: Can Forest Certification Fill the Gaps in the Global Forest Regime?," Global Environmental Politics, MIT Press, vol. 4(2), pages 75-99, May.
    4. repec:bla:ajecsc:v:62:y:2003:i:4:p:645-648 is not listed on IDEAS
    5. Stephen H. Linder & B. Guy Peters, 1987. "A Design Perspective On Policy Implementation: The Fallacies Of Misplaced Prescription," Review of Policy Research, Policy Studies Organization, vol. 6(3), pages 459-475, February.
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    1. Wiersum, K. Freerk & Elands, Birgit H.M., 2013. "Opinions on legality principles considered in the FLEGT/VPA policy in Ghana and Indonesia," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 32(C), pages 14-22.
    2. Mili Ghosh & Bhaskar Sinha, 2016. "Impact of forest policies on timber production in India: a review," Natural Resources Forum, Blackwell Publishing, vol. 40(1-2), pages 62-76, February.
    3. Niedziałkowski, Krzysztof & Shkaruba, Anton, 2018. "Governance and legitimacy of the Forest Stewardship Council certification in the national contexts – A comparative study of Belarus and Poland," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 180-188.
    4. Kanieski da Silva, Bruno & Boys, Kathryn A. & Cubbage, Frederick W., 2016. "Forest Stewardship Standards: Voluntary Governance As A Trade Facilitation Strategy?," 2016 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Boston, Massachusetts 236191, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    5. Obidzinski, Krystof & Dermawan, Ahmad & Andrianto, Agus & Komarudin, Heru & Hernawan, Dody, 2014. "The timber legality verification system and the voluntary partnership agreement (VPA) in Indonesia: Challenges for the small-scale forestry sector," Forest Policy and Economics, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 24-32.

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