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How do machine learning and non-traditional data affect credit scoring? New evidence from a Chinese fintech firm

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  • Gambacorta, Leonardo
  • Huang, Yiping
  • Qiu, Han
  • Wang, Jingyi

Abstract

This paper compares the predictive power of credit scoring models based on machine learning techniques with that of traditional loss and default models. Using proprietary transaction-level data from a leading fintech company in China, we test the performance of different models to predict losses and defaults both in normal times and when the economy is subject to a shock. In particular, we analyse the case of an (exogenous) change in regulation policy on shadow banking in China that caused credit conditions to deteriorate. We find that the model based on machine learning and non-traditional data is better able to predict losses and defaults than traditional models in the presence of a negative shock to the aggregate credit supply. This result reflects a higher capacity of non-traditional data to capture relevant borrower characteristics and of machine learning techniques to better mine the non-linear relationship between variables in a period of stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Gambacorta, Leonardo & Huang, Yiping & Qiu, Han & Wang, Jingyi, 2024. "How do machine learning and non-traditional data affect credit scoring? New evidence from a Chinese fintech firm," Journal of Financial Stability, Elsevier, vol. 73(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finsta:v:73:y:2024:i:c:s157230892400069x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jfs.2024.101284
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Fintech; Credit scoring; Non-traditional information; Machine learning; Credit risk;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G17 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Financial Forecasting and Simulation
    • G18 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Government Policy and Regulation
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors
    • G32 - Financial Economics - - Corporate Finance and Governance - - - Financing Policy; Financial Risk and Risk Management; Capital and Ownership Structure; Value of Firms; Goodwill

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