IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/finmar/v52y2021ics138641812030032x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

ETFs’ high overnight returns: The early liquidity provider gets the worm

Author

Listed:
  • Lachance, Marie-Eve

Abstract

I examine the extent to which exchange-traded funds’ (ETFs) unusually high overnight returns are distorted by market microstructure effects; specifically, positive order imbalances and overnight increases in bid-ask spreads. Introducing a model that isolates these effects, I show that they artificially increase ETFs’ overnight returns by an average of over 6% annually. I find that the ETF market is prone to these distortions because its rapid growth is accompanied by order imbalances exceeding 10%. I provide detailed intraday statistics on order imbalances and spreads, and an example of an overnight investment strategy selecting ETFs susceptible to overnight biases.

Suggested Citation

  • Lachance, Marie-Eve, 2021. "ETFs’ high overnight returns: The early liquidity provider gets the worm," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 52(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:52:y:2021:i:c:s138641812030032x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.finmar.2020.100563
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S138641812030032X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.finmar.2020.100563?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Lou, Dong & Polk, Christopher & Skouras, Spyros, 2019. "A tug of war: Overnight versus intraday expected returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 134(1), pages 192-213.
    2. McInish, Thomas H & Wood, Robert A, 1992. "An Analysis of Intraday Patterns in Bid/Ask Spreads for NYSE Stocks," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 47(2), pages 753-764, June.
    3. Berkman, Henk & Koch, Paul D. & Tuttle, Laura & Zhang, Ying Jenny, 2012. "Paying Attention: Overnight Returns and the Hidden Cost of Buying at the Open," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 47(4), pages 715-741, August.
    4. Craig W. Holden & Stacey Jacobsen, 2014. "Liquidity Measurement Problems in Fast, Competitive Markets: Expensive and Cheap Solutions," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 69(4), pages 1747-1785, August.
    5. Chordia, Tarun & Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2004. "Order imbalance and individual stock returns: Theory and evidence," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 72(3), pages 485-518, June.
    6. Aboody, David & Even-Tov, Omri & Lehavy, Reuven & Trueman, Brett, 2018. "Overnight Returns and Firm-Specific Investor Sentiment," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 53(2), pages 485-505, April.
    7. Lee, Charles M C & Ready, Mark J, 1991. "Inferring Trade Direction from Intraday Data," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 46(2), pages 733-746, June.
    8. Itzhak Ben‐David & Francesco Franzoni & Rabih Moussawi, 2018. "Do ETFs Increase Volatility?," Journal of Finance, American Finance Association, vol. 73(6), pages 2471-2535, December.
    9. Zhi Da & Sophie Shive, 2018. "Exchange traded funds and asset return correlations," European Financial Management, European Financial Management Association, vol. 24(1), pages 136-168, January.
    10. Ellis, Katrina & Michaely, Roni & O'Hara, Maureen, 2000. "The Accuracy of Trade Classification Rules: Evidence from Nasdaq," Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Cambridge University Press, vol. 35(4), pages 529-551, December.
    11. Michael A Kelly & Steven P Clark, 2011. "Returns in trading versus non-trading hours: The difference is day and night," Journal of Asset Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 12(2), pages 132-145, June.
    12. Fama, Eugene F & MacBeth, James D, 1973. "Risk, Return, and Equilibrium: Empirical Tests," Journal of Political Economy, University of Chicago Press, vol. 81(3), pages 607-636, May-June.
    13. Eugene F. Fama & Kenneth R. French, 2016. "Dissecting Anomalies with a Five-Factor Model," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 29(1), pages 69-103.
    14. Pagano, Michael S. & Peng, Lin & Schwartz, Robert A., 2013. "A call auction's impact on price formation and order routing: Evidence from the NASDAQ stock market," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 16(2), pages 331-361.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Kallinterakis, Vasileios & Karaa, Rabaa, 2023. "From dusk till dawn (and vice versa): Overnight-versus-daytime reversals and feedback trading," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    2. Yun‐Huan Lee & Tzu‐Hsiang Liao & Hsiu‐Chuan Lee, 2022. "Overnight returns of industry exchange‐traded funds, investor sentiment, and futures market returns," Journal of Futures Markets, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 42(6), pages 1114-1134, June.
    3. Banerjee, Ameet Kumar & Özer, Zeynep Sueda & Rahman, Molla Ramizur & Sensoy, Ahmet, 2024. "How does the time-varying dynamics of spillover between clean and brown energy ETFs change with the intervention of climate risk and climate policy uncertainty?," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(PA), pages 442-468.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Bogousslavsky, Vincent, 2021. "The cross-section of intraday and overnight returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(1), pages 172-194.
    2. Lu, Zhongjin & Malliaris, Steven & Qin, Zhongling, 2023. "Heterogeneous liquidity providers and night-minus-day return predictability," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 148(3), pages 175-200.
    3. De Rossi, Giuliano & Steliaros, Michael, 2022. "The Shift from Active to Passive and its Effect on Intraday Stock Dynamics," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 143(C).
    4. Kelley Bergsma & Andy Fodor & Vijay Singal & Jitendra Tayal, 2020. "Option trading after the opening bell and intraday stock return predictability," Financial Management, Financial Management Association International, vol. 49(3), pages 769-804, September.
    5. Alex YiHou Huang & Ming-Che Hu & Quang Thai Truong, 2021. "Asymmetrical impacts from overnight returns on stock returns," Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, Springer, vol. 56(3), pages 849-889, April.
    6. Chakrabarty, Bidisha & Pascual, Roberto & Shkilko, Andriy, 2015. "Evaluating trade classification algorithms: Bulk volume classification versus the tick rule and the Lee-Ready algorithm," Journal of Financial Markets, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 52-79.
    7. Insana, Alessandra, 2022. "Does systematic risk change when markets close? An analysis using stocks’ beta," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    8. Zhang, Hang & Tsai, Wei-Che & Weng, Pei-Shih & Tsai, Pin-Chieh, 2023. "Overnight returns and investor sentiment: Further evidence from the Taiwan stock market," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 80(C).
    9. Chung, Dennis Y. & Hrazdil, Karel & Trottier, Kim, 2015. "On the efficiency of intra-industry information transfers: The dilution of the overreaction anomaly," Journal of Banking & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 153-167.
    10. Akbas, Ferhat & Boehmer, Ekkehart & Jiang, Chao & Koch, Paul D., 2022. "Overnight returns, daytime reversals, and future stock returns," Journal of Financial Economics, Elsevier, vol. 145(3), pages 850-875.
    11. Linton, Oliver & Wu, Jianbin, 2020. "A coupled component DCS-EGARCH model for intraday and overnight volatility," Journal of Econometrics, Elsevier, vol. 217(1), pages 176-201.
    12. Farshid Abdi, 2018. "Cycles of Declines and Reversals Following Overnight Market Declines," Working Papers on Finance 1829, University of St. Gallen, School of Finance.
    13. Tarun Chordia & Jianfeng Hu & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam & Qing Tong, 2019. "Order Flow Volatility and Equity Costs of Capital," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 65(4), pages 1520-1551, April.
    14. Ahmed Baig & Jason Berkowitz & Ronald Jared DeLisle & Todd Griffith, 2023. "COVID‐19 intensity across U.S. states and the liquidity of U.S. equity markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 58(2), pages 235-259, May.
    15. Kallinterakis, Vasileios & Karaa, Rabaa, 2023. "From dusk till dawn (and vice versa): Overnight-versus-daytime reversals and feedback trading," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    16. Subrahmanyam, Avanidhar, 2008. "Lagged order flows and returns: A longer-term perspective," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 48(3), pages 623-640, August.
    17. Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2005. "Distinguishing Between Rationales for Short‐Horizon Predictability of Stock Returns," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 40(1), pages 11-35, February.
    18. Craig W. Holden & Stacey Jacobsen & Avanidhar Subrahmanyam, 2014. "The Empirical Analysis of Liquidity," Foundations and Trends(R) in Finance, now publishers, vol. 8(4), pages 263-365, December.
    19. Zhu, Hongbing & Yang, Lihua & Xu, Changxin, 2023. "Tracking investor gambling intensity," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 86(C).
    20. Allen Carrion & Madhuparna Kolay, 2020. "Trade signing in fast markets," The Financial Review, Eastern Finance Association, vol. 55(3), pages 385-404, August.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    Exchange-traded funds; Overnight returns; Order imbalances; Bid-ask spreads;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • G14 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Information and Market Efficiency; Event Studies; Insider Trading
    • G23 - Financial Economics - - Financial Institutions and Services - - - Non-bank Financial Institutions; Financial Instruments; Institutional Investors

    Statistics

    Access and download statistics

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:finmar:v:52:y:2021:i:c:s138641812030032x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/locate/finmar .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.