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Energy conservation options for residential water heaters

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  • Wilson, R.P.

Abstract

Current designs of gas-fired and electric water heaters present a substantial opportunity for energy conservation through reductions in jacket losses, pilot losses and flue-gas losses. A systematic analysis and comparison of alternative energy-conserving designs has been carried out. Promising options for gas-fired water heaters include increased insulation, thermostat setback, forced-draft burners with intermittent ignition and flue closure, and instantaneous (low storage) designs. High efficiency electric water heaters incorporate increased insulation, thermostat setback, solar preheat, and heat pump operation. The evolution and market penetration of these alternative designs, some of which are commercially available at this writing, can reduce the energy usage for residential water heating in the U.S. by approx. 0.3 quads in the near-term, and up to 1.0 quads in the long-term as advanced designs achieve widespread saturation.

Suggested Citation

  • Wilson, R.P., 1978. "Energy conservation options for residential water heaters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 3(2), pages 149-172.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:3:y:1978:i:2:p:149-172
    DOI: 10.1016/0360-5442(78)90067-1
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    Cited by:

    1. Steen, David & Stadler, Michael & Cardoso, Gonçalo & Groissböck, Markus & DeForest, Nicholas & Marnay, Chris, 2015. "Modeling of thermal storage systems in MILP distributed energy resource models," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 782-792.

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