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Energy loss in electrochemical diaphragm process of chlorine and alkali industry – A collateral effect of the undesirable generation of chlorate

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  • Lima, Phabyanno Rodrigues
  • Mirapalheta, Almir
  • Henrique dos Santos Andrade, Márcio
  • Vilar, Eudésio Oliveira
  • e Silva Zanta, Carmem Lucia de Paiva
  • Tonholo, Josealdo

Abstract

Contamination of NaOH with chlorate constitutes a major problem for the chlorine–alkali industry, particularly when electrolytic cells based on the diaphragm process are employed. In this paper, pilot and laboratory cell experiments revealed that chlorate contamination in diaphragm cells also inhibits hydrogen evolution and gives rise to a significant increase in electrical energy consumption. Electrolysis carried out under conditions that simulated the industrial process (current density 240mAcm−2; temperature 90°C; brine flux 23Lcm−2h−1) revealed that chlorate formation depends on brine flux and NaOH production. The inhibitory effect of chlorate on the main cathodic reaction was demonstrated in bench cell experiments, with cathodic displacement of the hydrogen evolution reaction by more than 100mV in the presence of 0.4% chlorate compared with ideal conditions in which chlorate formation was absent. This hydrogen generation overpotential can charge the total electric energy balance in more than 5% of the total value, consisting of a critical loss for this process.

Suggested Citation

  • Lima, Phabyanno Rodrigues & Mirapalheta, Almir & Henrique dos Santos Andrade, Márcio & Vilar, Eudésio Oliveira & e Silva Zanta, Carmem Lucia de Paiva & Tonholo, Josealdo, 2010. "Energy loss in electrochemical diaphragm process of chlorine and alkali industry – A collateral effect of the undesirable generation of chlorate," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2174-2178.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:35:y:2010:i:5:p:2174-2178
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2010.01.039
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    Cited by:

    1. Wu, Liang & He, Yuehui & Lei, Ting & Nan, Bo & Xu, Nanping & Zou, Jin & Huang, Baiyun & Liu, C.T., 2014. "The stability of hydrogen evolution activity and corrosion behavior of porous Ni3Al–Mo electrode in alkaline solution during long-term electrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 19-26.
    2. Wu, Liang & He, Yuehui & Lei, Ting & Nan, Bo & Xu, Nanping & Zou, Jin & Huang, Baiyun & Liu, C.T., 2013. "Characterization of the porous Ni3Al–Mo electrodes during hydrogen generation from alkaline water electrolysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 216-224.

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