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Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small-scale systems

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  • Rubi, J. Miguel

Abstract

Small thermodynamic systems exhibit peculiar behavior different from that observed in long-scale systems. Non-equilibrium processes taking place in those systems are strongly influenced by the presence of fluctuations which can be large. Contributions to the free energy which vanish at the infinite number of particles limit cannot be neglected and may exert an important influence on the dynamics. We show that in spite of these important differences, the method of non-equilibrium thermodynamics still applies when reducing the size of the system. By using this method, assumption of local equilibrium at the mesoscale thereby leads to the formulation of a mesoscopic non-equilibrium thermodynamics from which expressions for the non-equilibrium currents and kinetic equations for the probability density can be obtained.

Suggested Citation

  • Rubi, J. Miguel, 2007. "Non-equilibrium thermodynamics of small-scale systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 297-300.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:32:y:2007:i:4:p:297-300
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2005.11.013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Pérez-Madrid, A. & Rubí, J.M. & Mazur, P., 1994. "Brownian motion in the presence of a temperature gradient," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 212(3), pages 231-238.
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    Cited by:

    1. Asinari, Pietro & Chiavazzo, Eliodoro, 2014. "The notion of energy through multiple scales: From a molecular level to fluid flows and beyond," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 870-876.

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