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Predicting energy consumption of hydrogen-powered scooters through WMTC drive cycle

Author

Listed:
  • Lee, Cho-Yu
  • Wu, Tsung-Yen
  • Cap, Hoang-Sinh

Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of hydrogen as an alternative fuel for scooter engines. A Constant Volume Combustion Chamber (CVCC) was designed to replicate the volume of a conventional 125 cc spark-ignition engine combustion chamber, enabling the analysis of hydrogen combustion characteristics. Experimental results indicate that the combustion mass fraction, modeled using a fourth-order polynomial, achieves a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.9928, demonstrating strong agreement with measured data. A one-dimensional gasoline engine model was validated, showing an average error of 4.38 % in IMEP and 1.72 % in ISFC compared to experimental data. This model was subsequently adapted into a hydrogen engine model by incorporating the hydrogen combustion mass fraction to predict pure hydrogen engine efficiency and performance. To estimate hydrogen fuel consumption, a gasoline-powered scooter was tested on a chassis dynamometer using the World Motorcycle Test Cycle (WMTC), where IMEP and engine speed were recorded for each cycle. The hydrogen engine model was then calibrated to match the engine performance and speed for each cycle to determine fuel consumption. The results suggest that a conventional scooter equipped with a 10-Liter hydrogen tank at 700 bar can achieve a driving range of approximately 114 km under the WMTC driving cycle.

Suggested Citation

  • Lee, Cho-Yu & Wu, Tsung-Yen & Cap, Hoang-Sinh, 2025. "Predicting energy consumption of hydrogen-powered scooters through WMTC drive cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:322:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225013970
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.135755
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