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A two-stage approach for determination of optimal size and site of distributed generations and charging stations in the distribution system, considering load growth and the electric vehicle penetration

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  • Ghani, R.
  • Farjah, E.

Abstract

—The blend of renewable energy sources (RES) with electric vehicles (EVs) is a significant step towards becoming nearly emission-free. The development of EVs cannot be separated from charging infrastructure. Currently, the creation of EV charging stations (CSs) and distributed generation (DG) face challenges in siting and sizing on the distribution network, making optimal and logical methods necessary. For this aim, a two-stage approach is proposed in this paper focusing on minimizing costs, total losses, total harmonic distortion (THD), and greenhouse gas emissions. It is predicted that in the future years of the project, if the constraints of the moot point are broken with the growth of load and EV penetration, the capacity of DG units will be updated. The simulation results corroborate the effectiveness of the proposed method in the various scenarios under standard conditions.

Suggested Citation

  • Ghani, R. & Farjah, E., 2025. "A two-stage approach for determination of optimal size and site of distributed generations and charging stations in the distribution system, considering load growth and the electric vehicle penetratio," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:319:y:2025:i:c:s036054422500595x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134953
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