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Exploring the effects of ambient and diesel injection parameters on ignition and combustion characteristics of premixed ammonia ignited by diesel through a rapid compression and expansion machine

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Xiaolei
  • Tian, Jiangping
  • Yang, Hongen
  • Shi, Song
  • Zhou, Qingxing
  • Yin, Shuo
  • Ye, Mingyuan
  • Shu, Deyuan
  • Cui, Zechuan

Abstract

Ammonia has gained significant attention as a green fuel for internal combustion engines. The diesel ignition premixed ammonia mode has demonstrated effective utilization; however, research on the effects of ambient conditions and injection parameters remains limited. This paper investigates the comprehensive impacts of various factors, including equivalence ratio, intake air temperature, diesel injection timing, diesel injection pressure, and diesel nozzle orifice structure on the ignition and combustion characteristics of premixed ammonia ignited by diesel. The results highlight the importance of maintaining a high-concentration diesel zone within the cylinder for stable ignition and combustion. Diesel ignition is found to be sensitive to intake air temperature, while flame propagation is significantly influenced by piston downward movement. Increasing diesel injection pressure, orifice number, and the angle between orifices have positive and negative effects. For practical engine applications, it is recommended that at least one nozzle orifice exceed 0.12 mm and lower diesel injection pressures combined with nozzles featuring varying orifice sizes, may increase the ammonia energy ratio while ensuring stable ignition and flame propagation.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Xiaolei & Tian, Jiangping & Yang, Hongen & Shi, Song & Zhou, Qingxing & Yin, Shuo & Ye, Mingyuan & Shu, Deyuan & Cui, Zechuan, 2025. "Exploring the effects of ambient and diesel injection parameters on ignition and combustion characteristics of premixed ammonia ignited by diesel through a rapid compression and expansion machine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 318(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:318:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225004062
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134764
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