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How to extend the photovoltaic value chain? A blockchain-based strategy for photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen integration with green electricity trading

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  • Shi, Rong
  • Guo, Xiaopeng
  • Ren, Dongfang

Abstract

To mitigate the challenges of photovoltaic energy wastage and enhance the credibility and efficiency of energy trading, this paper proposes a blockchain-based photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen trading model. An evolutionary game model is used to study the evolution process of behavioral strategies of each entity within the trading model system. This article examines five factors that significantly influence the evolutionary equilibrium: government subsidies, blockchain construction, and maintenance costs, players’ willingness, the losses that players may suffer from not participating in blockchain, and the energy requirements for hydrogen production. Numerical simulations were conducted to assess the impact of these five factors. The results show that hydrogen production, commercial electricity consumption, and blockchain construction and maintenance costs are the two most influential factors. This indicates that adjusting these two factors can improve the speed at which the entire system reaches a stable state. In addition, increasing government subsidies appropriately can also increase the enthusiasm of players. The above research results provide a reference for driving the extension of the photovoltaic value chain and promoting the increase of photovoltaic energy utilization efficiency.

Suggested Citation

  • Shi, Rong & Guo, Xiaopeng & Ren, Dongfang, 2025. "How to extend the photovoltaic value chain? A blockchain-based strategy for photovoltaic-storage-hydrogen integration with green electricity trading," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:315:y:2025:i:c:s0360544225000362
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2025.134394
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