Investigation of oil-based CO2 foam EOR and carbon mitigation in a 2D visualization physical model: Effects of different injection strategies

CO2 flooding in low-permeability and tight oil reservoirs often encounters gas channeling, which affects oil recovery. To address this, oil-based CO2 foam development is explored using a two-dimensional visual physical model. The study includes three experimental setups: CO2 flooding followed by oil-based CO2 foam flooding, CO2 Huff-n-Puff (HnP) followed by oil-based CO2 foam HnP, and oil-based CO2 foam HnP followed by oil-based CO2 foam flooding. Findings reveal that using oil-based CO2 foam after CO2 development increases recovery factors by 15.62 % and 35.86 % for HnP and flooding, respectively, and significantly boosts CO2 storage. The CO2 storage is 1.96 times and 6.03 times higher than the initial one. After oil-based CO2 foam is used, the red area near the outlet of the visualization model becomes shallower, indicating a further decrease in residual oil saturation. The oil-based CO2 foam method reduces residual oil saturation and extends production duration while decreasing gas production rates. This approach effectively plugs gas channels, enhancing CO2 sweep efficiency, crude oil mobility, and recovery. The results provide innovative strategies for oilfield development, supporting carbon sequestration and offering substantial economic and environmental benefits.