Two-stage coordinated optimal dispatching model and benefit allocation strategy for rural new energy microgrid

To aggregate rural biomass energy, distributed power supply, flexibility load, and other resources, a novel structure of the rural Biomass-derived Fuel -based new energy microgrid (BDF-NEM) is proposed. It includes the Biomass Waste Conversion System (BWS), Distributed Renewable Energy (DRE), and Flexible Load Cluster (FLC). The two-stage scheduling optimization framework is designed for the BDF-NEM, minimizing operating costs in the Day-ahead phase and system deviation costs in the Intra-day phase. Uncertainty analysis of wind power plant (WPP) and photovoltaic generators (PV) is conducted using Latin hypercube sampling and the Kantorovich distance approach. To guarantee the equitable allocation of benefits, a benefit allocation mechanism grounded in the enhanced Sharp value approach takes into account operational risks. The analysis of a rural area in northern China demonstrates: (1) After BDF - NEM joined the tiered carbon trading mechanism, although it increased carbon trading costs by 31.27 %, wind power and photovoltaic output increased by 36.08 %, improving new energy consumption; (2) The two-stage scheduling optimization model with daily plan and daily correction can effectively alleviate the deviation caused by wind and solar uncertainty. Although the adjustment cost is 3966.41 yuan, it can avoid the penalty of load loss; (3) The improved benefit allocation based on the Shapley value method reflects the marginal contribution of each system module at the risk level, and when the system modules cooperate with each other, the return is 18.17 % higher than when operating alone, effectively stimulating the enthusiasm to participate in transactions. In summary, the BDF NEM proposed in this article can improve the utilization rate of wind and solar energy, promote the low-carbon development of rural power plants, and achieve local resource allocation in rural areas.