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Heat supply in the netherlands: A systems analysis of costs, exergy efficiency, CO2 and NOx emissions

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  • Ossebaard, Marjan E.
  • Van Wijk, Ad J.M.
  • Van Wees, Mark T.

Abstract

About 50% of the primary energy supply in The Netherlands is used for heat production. To achieve a sustainable heat-supply system, it is necessary to obtain insight into costs, efficiency and environmental impacts for existing and possible future technologies. We have performed a comparative system analysis on six possible heat-supply chains (distribution and conversion) providing low-temperature heat to households to obtain a clear picture of their likely long-term economic, energetic and environmental performance to the year 2030. The systems studied are based on natural gas distribution [local condensing boilers or micro-cogeneration (indoors)] and on electricity (heat-pumps) and heat-distribution (district heat and small-scale cogeneration). A systems analysis was used. A heat-supply system based on district heating and/or electricity distribution turns out to be a good alternative to the present gas-based system. In addition, introduction of these systems will facilitate the future sustainability of energy sources.

Suggested Citation

  • Ossebaard, Marjan E. & Van Wijk, Ad J.M. & Van Wees, Mark T., 1997. "Heat supply in the netherlands: A systems analysis of costs, exergy efficiency, CO2 and NOx emissions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(11), pages 1087-1098.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:22:y:1997:i:11:p:1087-1098
    DOI: 10.1016/S0360-5442(97)00045-5
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    Cited by:

    1. Klaassen, R.E. & Patel, M.K., 2013. "District heating in the Netherlands today: A techno-economic assessment for NGCC-CHP (Natural Gas Combined Cycle combined heat and power)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 63-73.
    2. Ulrich Steger & Wouter Achterberg (†) & Kornelis Blok & Henning Bode & Walter Frenz & Corinna Gather & Gerd Hanekamp & Dieter Imboden & Matthias Jahnke & Michael Kost & Rudi Kurz & Hans G. Nutzinger &, 2005. "Sustainable Development and Innovation in the Energy Sector," Springer Books, Springer, number 978-3-540-26882-6 edited by Friederike Wütscher, January.
    3. Brkić, Dejan & Tanasković, Toma I., 2008. "Systematic approach to natural gas usage for domestic heating in urban areas," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 33(12), pages 1738-1753.
    4. Holmgren, Kristina, 2006. "Role of a district-heating network as a user of waste-heat supply from various sources - the case of Göteborg," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 83(12), pages 1351-1367, December.

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