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Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along with their CO2 equivalents

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  • Caliskan, Hakan
  • Hepbasli, Arif

Abstract

Various types of energy sources are used in the residential and industrial sectors. Choosing the type of sources is important. When an energy source is selected, its CO2 equivalent and energy and exergy prices must be known for a sustainable future and for establishing energy policies. These prices are based on their energy values. Exergy analysis has been recently applied to a wide range of energy-related systems. Thus, obtaining the exergy values has become more meaningful for long-term planning. In this study, energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along with CO2 equivalents are calculated and compared for residential and industrial applications in Turkey. Energy sources considered include coal, diesel oil, electricity, fuel oil, liquid petroleum gas (LPG), natural gas, heat pumps and geothermal, and their prices were obtained over a period of 18 months, from January 2008 to June 2009. For the residential and industrial sectors, minimum energy and exergy prices were found for ground source heat pumps, while maximum energy and exergy prices belong to LPG for both sectors.

Suggested Citation

  • Caliskan, Hakan & Hepbasli, Arif, 2010. "Energy and exergy prices of various energy sources along with their CO2 equivalents," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(7), pages 3468-3481, July.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:38:y:2010:i:7:p:3468-3481
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Bilgen, Selçuk & Sarıkaya, İkbal, 2015. "Exergy for environment, ecology and sustainable development," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1115-1131.
    4. Proskuryakova, L. & Kovalev, A., 2015. "Measuring energy efficiency: Is energy intensity a good evidence base?," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 450-459.
    5. Thu, Kyaw & Saha, Bidyut Baran & Chua, Kian Jon & Bui, Thuan Duc, 2016. "Thermodynamic analysis on the part-load performance of a microturbine system for micro/mini-CHP applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 600-608.

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    Energy and exergy prices Energy policy CO2 equivalents;

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