Supply-chain digitization and non-intrusive load monitoring with digital twins: The Impact of Energy Policies on Carbon Pricing and Renewable Energy Deployment

The global push towards sustainable energy systems has led to increasing interest in digital tools that can optimize energy efficiency. In particular, emerging technologies such as supply chain digitization, non-intrusive load monitoring, and digital twin cities are gaining attention for their potential to enhance energy management practices. However, understanding their impact on energy efficiency policies, especially in developing countries, remains an area that requires further exploration. This study investigates how digitalization tools enhance energy efficiency policy cycles for 30 Asian developing countries between 1997 and 2022. Using a quantitative approach, we analyze panel data through the Panel Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) technique to assess the impact of supply chain digitization, non-intrusive load monitoring, and digital tools integration in energy efficiency policies. The findings indicate that while supply chain digitization can reduce energy consumption, it also presents some negative side effects. Additionally, the application of virtual buildings and digital twin cities contributes to improved natural resource management and economic outcomes, advancing integrated energy efficiency policy tools. By incorporating technologies such as digitalization and non-intrusive load monitoring, the study highlights how digital twin technologies help set and achieve energy efficiency targets, enhancing the efforts of policymakers and stakeholders in fostering a sustainable energy future.