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Safe dike heights at minimal costs: An integer programming approach

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  • Zwaneveld, P.
  • Verweij, G.
  • van Hoesel, S.

Abstract

Optimal dike heights are of crucial importance to the Netherlands as almost 60% of its surface is under threat of flooding from sea, lakes, or rivers. This area is protected by more than 3500 kilometres of dunes and dikes. These dunes and dikes require substantial annual investments of over 1 billion euro. In this paper we propose an integer programming model for a cost-benefit analysis to determine optimal dike heights. We improve upon the model proposed by Brekelmans, den Hertog, Roos and Eijgenraam (2012). Our model provides an alternative approach with almost complete flexibility towards input-parameters for flood probabilities, damage costs and investment costs for dike heightening. We present an easy-to-implement algorithm that provides an optimal solution to the problem. The method has been implemented and tested for the most recent data on flood probabilities, damage and investment costs, which were recently used by the government to determine the new safety standards in the Dutch Water Act.

Suggested Citation

  • Zwaneveld, P. & Verweij, G. & van Hoesel, S., 2018. "Safe dike heights at minimal costs: An integer programming approach," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 270(1), pages 294-301.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:270:y:2018:i:1:p:294-301
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2018.03.012
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zwaneveld, Peter J. & Kroon, Leo G. & van Hoesel, Stan P. M., 2001. "Routing trains through a railway station based on a node packing model," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 128(1), pages 14-33, January.
    2. Carel Eijgenraam & Ruud Brekelmans & Dick den Hertog & Kees Roos, 2017. "Optimal Strategies for Flood Prevention," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 63(5), pages 1644-1656, May.
    3. Oecd, 2007. "Use of Discount Rates in the Estimation of the Costs of Inaction with Respect to Selected Environmental Concerns," OECD Papers, OECD Publishing, vol. 7(9), pages 1-42.
    4. Atamturk, Alper & Nemhauser, George L. & Savelsbergh, Martin W. P., 2000. "Conflict graphs in solving integer programming problems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 121(1), pages 40-55, February.
    5. Ruud Brekelmans & Dick den Hertog & Kees Roos & Carel Eijgenraam, 2012. "Safe Dike Heights at Minimal Costs: The Nonhomogeneous Case," Operations Research, INFORMS, vol. 60(6), pages 1342-1355, December.
    6. Carel Eijgenraam, 2006. "Optimal safety standards for dike-ring areas," CPB Discussion Paper 62, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
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    Cited by:

    1. Graeme Guthrie, 2019. "Real options analysis of climate-change adaptation: investment flexibility and extreme weather events," Climatic Change, Springer, vol. 156(1), pages 231-253, September.
    2. Peter Zwaneveld & Gerard Verweij, 2018. "Economic Decision Problems in Multi-Level Flood Prevention: a new graph-based approach used for real world applications," CPB Discussion Paper 380.rdf, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    3. G. Guthrie, 2021. "Adapting to Rising Sea Levels: How Short-Term Responses Complement Long-Term Investment," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 78(4), pages 635-668, April.
    4. Klerk, Wouter Jan & Kanning, Wim & Kok, Matthijs & Wolfert, Rogier, 2021. "Optimal planning of flood defence system reinforcements using a greedy search algorithm," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 207(C).
    5. Peter Zwaneveld & Gerard Verweij, 2018. "Economic Decision Problems in Multi-Level Flood Prevention: a new graph-based approach used for real world applications," CPB Discussion Paper 380, CPB Netherlands Bureau for Economic Policy Analysis.
    6. Jan Boeckmann & Clemens Thielen, 2023. "New Ways in Municipal Flood Mitigation: a Mixed-Integer Programming Approach and its Practical Application," SN Operations Research Forum, Springer, vol. 4(4), pages 1-68, December.

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