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Analysis of a two-echelon inventory system with two supply modes

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  • Arts, Joachim
  • Kiesmüller, Gudrun P.

Abstract

In this paper, we consider a serial two-echelon periodic review inventory system with two supply modes at the most upstream stock point. As control policy for this system, we propose a natural extension of the dual-index policy, which has three base-stock levels. We consider the minimization of long run average inventory holding, backlogging, and both per unit and fixed emergency ordering costs. We provide nested newsboy characterizations for two of the three base-stock levels involved and show a separability result for the difference with the remaining base-stock level. We extend results for the single-echelon system to efficiently approximate the distributions of random variables involved in the newsboy equations and find an asymptotically correct approximation for both the per unit and fixed emergency ordering costs. Based on these results, we provide an algorithm for setting base-stock levels in a computationally efficient manner. In a numerical study, we investigate the value of dual-sourcing in supply chains and illustrate that dual-sourcing can lead to significant cost savings in cases with high demand uncertainty, high backlogging cost or long lead times.

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  • Arts, Joachim & Kiesmüller, Gudrun P., 2013. "Analysis of a two-echelon inventory system with two supply modes," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 225(2), pages 263-272.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ejores:v:225:y:2013:i:2:p:263-272
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ejor.2012.09.043
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    6. Ghoudi, Kilani & Hamdouch, Younes & Boulaksil, Youssef & Hamdan, Sadeque, 2024. "Supply chain coordination in a dual sourcing system under the Tailored Base-Surge policy," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 317(2), pages 533-549.
    7. Johansen, Søren Glud, 2019. "Emergency orders in the periodic-review inventory system with fixed ordering costs and stochastic lead times for normal orders," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 205-214.
    8. Song, Dong-Ping & Dong, Jing-Xin & Xu, Jingjing, 2014. "Integrated inventory management and supplier base reduction in a supply chain with multiple uncertainties," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 232(3), pages 522-536.
    9. Drent, Melvin & Moradi, Poulad & Arts, Joachim, 2023. "Efficient emission reduction through dynamic supply mode selection," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 311(3), pages 925-941.
    10. Tong Wang & Xiaoyue Yan & Chaolin Yang, 2021. "Managing a Hybrid RDC‐DC Inventory System," Production and Operations Management, Production and Operations Management Society, vol. 30(10), pages 3679-3697, October.

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