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Liquidity risk, economic development, and the effects of monetary policy

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  • Ghossoub, Edgar
  • Reed III, Robert R.

Abstract

Empirical evidence indicates that monetary policy is not super-neutral in many countries. In particular, in high inflation economies, inflation is negatively related to economic activity. By comparison, inflation may be positively correlated with output in low inflation countries. We present a neoclassical growth model with money in which the incidence of liquidity risk is inversely related to aggregate capital formation. Interestingly, there may be multiple monetary steady-states where the effects of monetary policy vary. In poor economies, the financial system is highly distorted and higher rates of money growth are associated with less capital formation. In contrast, in advanced economies, a Tobin effect is observed. Since inflation exacerbates distortions from a coordination failure in the low-capital steady-state, individuals become much more exposed to liquidity risk. Consequently, optimal monetary policy depends on the level of development.

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  • Ghossoub, Edgar & Reed III, Robert R., 2010. "Liquidity risk, economic development, and the effects of monetary policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 54(2), pages 252-268, February.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:eecrev:v:54:y:2010:i:2:p:252-268
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    2. Edgar A. Ghossoub & Robert R. Reed, 2019. "Banking competition, production externalities, and the effects of monetary policy," Economic Theory, Springer;Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory (SAET), vol. 67(1), pages 91-154, February.
    3. Edgar A. Ghossoub, 2009. "Liquidity Risk and Banks’ Asset Composition: Implications for Monetary Policy," Working Papers 0096, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    4. Tetsuo Ono, 2020. "Fiscal rules in a monetary economy: Implications for growth and welfare," Journal of Public Economic Theory, Association for Public Economic Theory, vol. 22(1), pages 190-219, February.
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    6. Robert R. Reed & Edgar A. Ghossoub, 2013. "Thresholds and the Welfare Cost of Inflation," Working Papers 0186eco, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    7. Ghossoub, Edgar A. & Reed, Robert R., 2015. "The size distribution of the banking sector and the effects of monetary policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 156-176.
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    9. Ramlan, Nur Hu Yani, 2017. "Firm Risk and Performance: The Role of Corporate Governance in Bertam Alliance Berhad," MPRA Paper 78378, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 01 Apr 2017.
    10. Harrison, Andre & Reed, Robert R., 2023. "International capital flows, liquidity risk, and monetary policy," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 77(C).
    11. Reed, Robert R. & Ghossoub, Edgar A., 2012. "The effects of monetary policy at different stages of economic development," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 117(1), pages 138-141.
    12. Edgar A. Ghossoub & Robert R. Reed, 2015. "Banking Competition, Production Externalities, and the Effects of Monetary Policy," Working Papers 0167eco, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    13. Edgar Ghossoub, 2010. "Liquidity Risk and Financial Competition: Implications on Asset Prices and Monetary Policy," Working Papers 0003, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    14. TINA M. Edgar A. Ghossoub & TINA M. Robert R. Reedy, 2012. "Financial Development and the Distributional Effects of Monetary Policy Do the distributional consequences of monetary policy depend on the extent of financial development? Should optimal monetary pol," Working Papers 0035, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
    15. Ghossoub, Edgar A., 2012. "Liquidity risk and financial competition: Implications for asset prices and monetary policy," European Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 56(2), pages 155-173.
    16. Edgar A. Ghossoub, 2015. "Inflation Thresholds and the Efficiency of the Banking Sector," Working Papers 0159eco, College of Business, University of Texas at San Antonio.
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    19. Reed, Robert R. & Ume, Ejindu S., 2019. "Housing, liquidity risk, and monetary policy," Journal of Macroeconomics, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 138-162.

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