Ecosystem services concept: Challenges to its integration in government organizations

The ecosystem services (ES) concept is well-established in the scientific community but remains underutilized and poorly understood within government organizations. In this article, we analyze the barriers to integrating ES into relevant governmental operations in Quebec, Canada. According to the perspective expressed by eight governmental organizations’ representatives, we analyze factors constraining the integration of the ES concept at the government level while suggesting ways forward. We found that despite the relevance of this concept in many areas ranging from planning to environment management, its operationalization faces challenges due to 1) confusion of terminology; 2) difficulties in evaluating and prioritizing ES; and 3) the complexity of operationalization in a context of interdependent practices. Moreover, the adoption of guidelines to implement the ES concept in governmental policies and programs is insufficient. Along with institutional and operational limitations, government organizations face structural constraints preventing the concept’s full use, namely the fundamental of State and market. Our study shows that although the ES concept is apprehended in a utilitarian way for short-term goals within government organizations, it nonetheless holds the potential to raise awareness and promote enlightened decision-making on environmental benefits.