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The role of migration and founder effect for the evolution of cooperation in a multilevel selection context

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  • Ichinose, Genki
  • Arita, Takaya

Abstract

The idea that natural selection can be meaningfully applied at the group level may be more important than previously thought. This perspective, a modern version of group selection, is called multilevel selection. Multilevel selection theory could incorporate previous explanations for the evolution of cooperation including kin selection. There is general agreement that natural selection favors noncooperators over cooperators in the case of an unstructured population. Therefore, the evolution of cooperation by multilevel selection often requires positive assortment between cooperators and noncooperators. The question is how this positive assortment can arise in the ecological meaning. We constructed an individual-based model of multilevel selection and introduced migration and evolution. The results showed that positive assortment was generated especially when a migration strategy was adopted in which individuals respond specifically to bad environmental conditions. It was also shown that the founder effect in the evolutionary process could further facilitate positive assortment by working with migration. We analyzed assortment by using relatedness defined in group-structured populations. The fact that cooperation was achieved by such migration and by the founder effect highlights the importance of sensitiveness to the ecological environment and of fluctuations in group size, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Ichinose, Genki & Arita, Takaya, 2008. "The role of migration and founder effect for the evolution of cooperation in a multilevel selection context," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 210(3), pages 221-230.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecomod:v:210:y:2008:i:3:p:221-230
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.07.025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. John Pepper, 2000. "Relatedness in Trait Group Models of Social Evolution," Working Papers 00-07-034, Santa Fe Institute.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Chunyan & Zhang, Jianlei & Xie, Guangming, 2014. "Evolution of cooperation among game players with non-uniform migration scopes," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 103-111.
    2. Genki Ichinose & Masaya Saito & Shinsuke Suzuki, 2013. "Collective Chasing Behavior between Cooperators and Defectors in the Spatial Prisoner’s Dilemma," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 8(7), pages 1-10, July.

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