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Critical realism, methodological pluralism, and ecological economics

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  • Norgaard, Richard B.

Abstract

Critical realism is an especially inappropriate philosophical basis for ecological economics since it has developed entirely within the social sciences, relies on transcendentalism as a way of understanding reality, and ignores natural realities and the role of technology. The philosophy of methodological pluralism continues to inform and represent ecological economics well.

Suggested Citation

  • Norgaard, Richard B., 2025. "Critical realism, methodological pluralism, and ecological economics," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 233(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecolec:v:233:y:2025:i:c:s0921800925000643
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2025.108581
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    Keywords

    Critical Realism; Methodological Pluralism;

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