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Connectedness of non-fungible tokens and conventional cryptocurrencies with metals

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  • Yousaf, Imran
  • Gubareva, Mariya
  • Teplova, Tamara

Abstract

Employing the vector auto-regression based on generalized forecast error variance decomposition, this paper investigates the connectedness of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) with precious and industrial metals and compares the results with those for conventional cryptocurrencies (CCCs). Our study scrutinizes separately the total static and the net dynamic spillovers of returns and volatilities from March 2018 to August 2021. We evidence that both, the total return and total volatility connectedness indices for the NFTs-metals framework are below the respective indices for the CCCs-metals framework, indicating new avenues for hedging and harvesting diversification benefits of NFT exposures. We provide empirical evidence that the NFTs are distinct from the CCCs not only in terms of the volatility spillovers, but in terms of the return spillovers too. In addition, we observe the decoupling in the net volatility spillovers between the precious and non-precious metals due to the COVID-19 meltdown. COVID-19 makes precious metals transmit volatility while industrial metals continue acting as net receivers of volatility shocks. Optimal weight and hedge ratios are presented for NFT-metal and crypto-metal pairs. These findings provide potential implications for investors and policy makers.

Suggested Citation

  • Yousaf, Imran & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara, 2023. "Connectedness of non-fungible tokens and conventional cryptocurrencies with metals," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 68(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecofin:v:68:y:2023:i:c:s1062940823001183
    DOI: 10.1016/j.najef.2023.101995
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mensi, Walid & Sensoy, Ahmet & Aslan, Aylin & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2019. "High-frequency asymmetric volatility connectedness between Bitcoin and major precious metals markets," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 50(C).
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    3. Kroner, Kenneth F & Ng, Victor K, 1998. "Modeling Asymmetric Comovements of Asset Returns," The Review of Financial Studies, Society for Financial Studies, vol. 11(4), pages 817-844.
    4. Wang, Jying-Nan & Lee, Yen-Hsien & Liu, Hung-Chun & Hsu, Yuan-Teng, 2023. "Dissecting returns of non-fungible tokens (NFTs): Evidence from CryptoPunks," The North American Journal of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 65(C).
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Abrar, Afsheen & Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr & Karim, Sitara & Lucey, Brian M. & Vigne, Samuel A., 2024. "Shining in or fading out: Do precious metals sparkle for cryptocurrencies?," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    2. Elie Bouri & Matteo Foglia & Sayar Karmakar & Rangan Gupta, 2024. "Return-Volatility Nexus in the Digital Asset Class: A Dynamic Multilayer Connectedness Analysis," Working Papers 202432, University of Pretoria, Department of Economics.
    3. Nagl, Maximilian, 2024. "Intricacy of cryptocurrency returns," Economics Letters, Elsevier, vol. 239(C).
    4. John Kingsley Woode & Anokye M. Adam & Peterson Owusu Junior & Anthony Adu-Asare Idun, 2024. "Industrial metal and cryptocurrency market plummets: Interdependence, policy uncertainty, or investor sentiments?," Economia e Politica Industriale: Journal of Industrial and Business Economics, Springer;Associazione Amici di Economia e Politica Industriale, vol. 51(4), pages 1001-1040, December.
    5. Patel, Ritesh & Gubareva, Mariya & Chishti, Muhammad Zubair, 2024. "Assessing the connectedness between cryptocurrency environment attention index and green cryptos, energy cryptos, and green financial assets," Research in International Business and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 70(PA).
    6. Okorie, David Iheke & Bouri, Elie & Mazur, Mieszko, 2024. "NFTs versus conventional cryptocurrencies: A comparative analysis of market efficiency around COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine conflict," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 126-151.
    7. Yousaf, Imran & Pham, Linh & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Dynamic spillovers between leading cryptocurrencies and derivatives tokens: Insights from a quantile VAR approach," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    8. Al-Omoush, Khaled Saleh & Gomez-Olmedo, Ana M. & Funes, Andrés Gómez, 2024. "Why do people choose to continue using cryptocurrencies?," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 200(C).
    9. Ali, Shoaib & Umar, Muhammad & Gubareva, Mariya & Vo, Xuan Vinh, 2024. "Extreme connectedness between NFTs and US equity market: A sectoral analysis," International Review of Economics & Finance, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 299-315.
    10. Ghosh, Bikramaditya & Pham, Linh & Gubareva, Mariya & Teplova, Tamara, 2023. "Energy transition metals and global sentiment: Evidence from extreme quantiles," Resources Policy, Elsevier, vol. 86(PA).
    11. Mensi, Walid & Gubareva, Mariya & Kang, Sang Hoon, 2024. "Frequency connectedness between DeFi and cryptocurrency markets," The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 12-27.
    12. Abakah, Emmanuel Joel Aikins & Hossain, Sahib & Abdullah, Mohammad & Goodell, John W., 2024. "Global uncertainty factors and price connectedness between US electricity and blockchain markets: Findings from an R-square connectedness approach," Finance Research Letters, Elsevier, vol. 59(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Non-fungible tokens (NFTs); Cryptocurrencies; Static and dynamic connectedness; Return and volatility spillovers; Precious and non-precious metals; COVID-19; Optimal weights and hedge ratios;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • F3 - International Economics - - International Finance
    • G10 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - General (includes Measurement and Data)
    • G12 - Financial Economics - - General Financial Markets - - - Asset Pricing; Trading Volume; Bond Interest Rates

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