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Licensing under vertical product differentiation: Price vs. quantity competition

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  • Nguyen, Xuan
  • Sgro, Pasquale
  • Nabin, Munirul

Abstract

This paper develops a duopoly model of vertical product differentiation where two domestic firms incur variable costs of quality development. These domestic firms can purchase a superior foreign technology through licensing. Outcomes between Bertrand and Cournot competition are compared. We find that licensing raises domestic welfare, and domestic welfare is higher in Bertrand than in Cournot competition regardless of whether or not domestic firms engage in licensing. Non-exclusive licensing is also found to benefit the domestic country more than exclusive licensing.

Suggested Citation

  • Nguyen, Xuan & Sgro, Pasquale & Nabin, Munirul, 2014. "Licensing under vertical product differentiation: Price vs. quantity competition," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 600-606.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecmode:v:36:y:2014:i:c:p:600-606
    DOI: 10.1016/j.econmod.2013.10.013
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zou, Yuxiang & Chen, Tai-Liang, 2020. "Quality differentiation and product innovation licensing," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 372-382.
    2. Masahiko Hattori & Yasuhito Tanaka, 2016. "License or entry with vertical differentiation in duopoly," Economics and Business Letters, Oviedo University Press, vol. 5(1), pages 17-29.
    3. Tian, Xiaoli, 2016. "Licensing a quality-enhancing innovation to an upstream firm," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 53(C), pages 509-514.
    4. Pires, Cesaltina Pacheco & Catalão-Lopes, Margarida & Jorge, Sílvia Ferreira & Garcês, Pedro, 2024. "Quality-price choices and market configurations when location matters," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    5. Xu, Lili & Cho, Sumi & Lee, Sang-Ho, 2016. "Emission tax and optimal privatization in Cournot–Bertrand comparison," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 73-82.
    6. Xingtang Wang, 2023. "Who is more aggressive under vertical product differentiation?," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 44(1), pages 608-618, January.
    7. Yang, Le & Huang, Zining, 2023. "Quality-improving licensing of an outside innovator in a mixed Cournot duopoly," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 126(C).
    8. Wu, Cheng-Han, 2018. "Price competition and technology licensing in a dynamic duopoly," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(2), pages 570-584.
    9. Nguyen, Xuan, 2015. "On the efficiency of private and state-owned enterprises in mixed markets," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 130-137.
    10. Tai‐Liang Chen & Zuyi Huang, 2020. "Technology licensing or cost‐reducing outsourcing? Game theoretical analysis on consumers' home bias effects and firms' optimal strategies," Bulletin of Economic Research, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 72(4), pages 417-433, October.
    11. Miao, Zhuang, 2019. "Income Distribution, Vertical Differentiation, and the Quantity Competition," MPRA Paper 95104, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    12. Masahiko Hattori & Yasuhito Tanaka, 2017. "License or Entry in Duopoly with Quality Improving Innovation: Alternative Definitions of License Fee," Journal of Economics and Management, College of Business, Feng Chia University, Taiwan, vol. 13(1), pages 1-26, February.
    13. Tarun Kabiraj, 2018. "Fee vs. Royalty Licensing and Consumers’ Welfare," Journal of Quantitative Economics, Springer;The Indian Econometric Society (TIES), vol. 16(3), pages 749-767, September.
    14. Wang, Xingtang, 2022. "Input price discrimination, pricing contract and social welfare," Mathematical Social Sciences, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 91-96.
    15. Sergio Daga & Pedro Mendi, 2022. "Informal input suppliers, quality choice and welfare," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 136(2), pages 149-176, July.
    16. Hong, Xianpei & Zhou, Menghuan & Gong, Yeming, 2021. "Dilemma of quality information disclosure in technology licensing," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 294(2), pages 543-557.
    17. Xuan Nguyen & Chi†Chur Chao & Pasquale Sgro & Munirul Nabin, 2017. "Cross†border Travellers and Parallel Trade: Implications for Asian Economies," The World Economy, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 40(8), pages 1531-1546, August.
    18. Neelanjan Sen & Saumya Kaul & Rajit Biswas, 2021. "Technology licensing under product differentiation," Journal of Economics, Springer, vol. 134(3), pages 219-260, December.
    19. Wang Jing & Yang Fangbai, 2017. "Optimal Two-Part Tariff Licensing in a Differentiated Mixed Duopoly," Journal of Systems Science and Information, De Gruyter, vol. 5(3), pages 279-288, June.
    20. Luciano Fanti & Nicola Meccheri, 2015. "On the Cournot–Bertrand Profit Differential and the Structure of Unionisation in a Managerial Duopoly," Australian Economic Papers, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 54(4), pages 266-287, December.
    21. Zhao, Dan & Chen, Hongmin & Hong, Xianpei & Liu, Jingfang, 2014. "Technology licensing contracts with network effects," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 136-144.
    22. Ping-Sing Kuo & Yan-Shu Lin & Cheng-Hau Peng, 2016. "International Technology Transfer and Welfare," Review of Development Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 20(1), pages 214-227, February.
    23. Ji Sun & Qiang Gong & Leonard F. S. Wang, 2022. "Revenge consumption, government‐led voucher, and social welfare," Managerial and Decision Economics, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., vol. 43(6), pages 2570-2577, September.
    24. Kabiraj, Abhishek & Kabiraj, Tarun, 2017. "Tariff induced licensing contracts, consumers’ surplus and welfare," Economic Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 439-447.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Bertrand; Cournot; Licensing; Oligopoly; Product differentiation; Welfare;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • L13 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Oligopoly and Other Imperfect Markets
    • L15 - Industrial Organization - - Market Structure, Firm Strategy, and Market Performance - - - Information and Product Quality
    • O33 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Innovation; Research and Development; Technological Change; Intellectual Property Rights - - - Technological Change: Choices and Consequences; Diffusion Processes

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