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National river conservation plan and water pollutants in India

Author

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  • Sinha, Apra
  • Sedai, Ashish Kumar

Abstract

This paper examines pollution sources in major Indian rivers and assesses the effectiveness of the National River Conservation Plan (NRCP) in reducing water pollution. Using an extended Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) framework that includes socio-economic characteristics, institutional factors and accounts for cross-sectional dependence, we find that rising income effectively reduces chemical pollutants but worsens pollution from untreated sewage and biodegradable waste in developing economies. Our analysis shows that the NRCP significantly reduced water pollution, particularly chemical effluents. Furthermore, increased newspaper circulation correlates with lower pollution levels, emphasizing the role of public awareness in enhancing water quality.

Suggested Citation

  • Sinha, Apra & Sedai, Ashish Kumar, 2025. "National river conservation plan and water pollutants in India," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 2192-2206.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:ecanpo:v:85:y:2025:i:c:p:2192-2206
    DOI: 10.1016/j.eap.2025.02.031
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    EKC; Water effluents; NRCP; India; Turning points; Institution;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • Q58 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Environmental Economics: Government Policy
    • Q50 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - General
    • Q52 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Environmental Economics - - - Pollution Control Adoption and Costs; Distributional Effects; Employment Effects

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