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Consumer payment choice and the heterogeneous impact of India’s demonetization

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  • Bajaj, Ayushi
  • Damodaran, Nikhil

Abstract

Consumer payment choice is based on heterogeneous preferences, availability, usage costs, and effective taxes. We examine the consequences of this choice on consumption distribution, aggregate output, welfare and the shadow economy. We analyze India’s sudden demonetization of 86% of the cash in circulation with new notes gradually being replaced over the next several months. The welfare cost of the liquidity shock was equivalent to 1% of consumption owing to the slow remonetization process. Even though all consumers experienced a decline in welfare, its extent varied depending on the degree of cash dependence and the ability to switch to non-cash payments. The middle consumption deciles were disproportionately affected.

Suggested Citation

  • Bajaj, Ayushi & Damodaran, Nikhil, 2022. "Consumer payment choice and the heterogeneous impact of India’s demonetization," Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:dyncon:v:137:y:2022:i:c:s0165188922000343
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jedc.2022.104329
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    Cited by:

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    2. Jeremy Srouji, 2020. "Digital Payments, the Cashless Economy, and Financial Inclusion in the United Arab Emirates: Why Is Everyone Still Transacting in Cash?," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-10, October.
    3. Jeremy Samer Srouji, 2020. "Digital Payments, the Cashless Economy, and Financial Inclusion in the United Arab Emirates: Why Is Everyone Still Transacting in Cash?," Post-Print hal-03015357, HAL.
    4. Goutam Sutar & Krantiraditya Dhalmahapatra & Sayan Chakraborty, 2023. "Impact of India’s Demonetization Episode on its Equity Markets," Asia-Pacific Financial Markets, Springer;Japanese Association of Financial Economics and Engineering, vol. 30(4), pages 649-675, December.
    5. Zijian Wang, 2023. "Money Laundering and the Privacy Design of Central Bank Digital Currency," Review of Economic Dynamics, Elsevier for the Society for Economic Dynamics, vol. 51, pages 604-632, December.
    6. Narayan, Shivani & Kumar, Dilip & Bouri, Elie, 2023. "Systemically important financial institutions and drivers of systemic risk: Evidence from India," Pacific-Basin Finance Journal, Elsevier, vol. 82(C).

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Money; Payments; Shadow economy; Demonetization; Monetary policy;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • D83 - Microeconomics - - Information, Knowledge, and Uncertainty - - - Search; Learning; Information and Knowledge; Communication; Belief; Unawareness
    • E41 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Money and Interest Rates - - - Demand for Money
    • E52 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Monetary Policy
    • E58 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Monetary Policy, Central Banking, and the Supply of Money and Credit - - - Central Banks and Their Policies
    • O17 - Economic Development, Innovation, Technological Change, and Growth - - Economic Development - - - Formal and Informal Sectors; Shadow Economy; Institutional Arrangements

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