A finite element simulation study for exploring the impact of nanolayer, nanoparticle diameter, Coriolis force, and quadratic convective in water-based fluid via microgravity environment

The present investigation aims to scrutinize the significant roles played by nanoparticles, nanolayers, diameter variations, and gravity modulation on the boundary layer magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) flow of water-based fluid in a rotating frame over a stretching sheet. Our aim is to delve into the numerical outcomes of the identified problem and investigate how the interplay of nanoparticle diameter and nanolayer mechanisms influences the dynamics of hydrothermal behavior within the flow which makes the manuscript investigation novel. The governing momentum and energy equations are transformed into a dimensionless equations through suitable transformations. The final non-linear equations are solved via finite-element method (FEM) implemented in MATLAB. This method has been extensively validated to ensure reliability and accuracy in the numerical solutions. Heat transfer amplifies against greater values of nanolayer, whereas nanoparticle diameter yields the opposite outcome. Increasing the amplitude of modulation, results in proportional rise and decline in reduced skin friction and heat transfer. To ensure the accuracy of finite element computations, a grid independence study was undertaken, and extensive validation of the current Finite Element Method (FEM) code has been undertaken through comprehensive benchmark.