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Vegetation covers phase separation in inhomogeneous environments

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  • Pinto-Ramos, D.
  • Echeverría-Alar, S.
  • Clerc, M.G.
  • Tlidi, M.

Abstract

Vegetation patterns in arid and semi-arid ecosystems as a self-organized response to resource scarcity is a well-documented issue. Their formation is often attributed to the symmetry-breaking type of instability. In this contribution, we focus on a regime far from any symmetry-breaking instability and consider a bistable regime involving uniformly vegetated covers and a bare state. We show that vegetation populations exhibit non-random two-phase structures where high biomass density regions are separated by sparsely covered areas or even bare soil. These structures are referred to as phase separation vegetation covers. We provide observations of this phenomenon in Gabon, Angola, Argentina, and Mexico. The inhomogeneities in environmental conditions are crucial to explain the origin of phase separation vegetation covers. We derive a simple equation from ecologically relevant models to explain various field observations. The bifurcation diagrams obtained from this model allow us to prove that inhomogeneity in the aridity parameter is a source of resilience for vegetation covers, avoiding collapsing towards a bare state. We characterize the natural observations and the equilibria from the model by using Fourier transform technique, spatial autocorrelation analysis, and size distribution of patches analysis.

Suggested Citation

  • Pinto-Ramos, D. & Echeverría-Alar, S. & Clerc, M.G. & Tlidi, M., 2022. "Vegetation covers phase separation in inhomogeneous environments," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 163(C).
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:163:y:2022:i:c:s0960077922007184
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2022.112518
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Piva, G.G. & Colombo, E.H. & Anteneodo, C., 2021. "Interplay between scales in the nonlocal FKPP equation," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 153(P2).
    2. Jara-Schulz, Gladys & Ferré, Michel A. & Falcón, Claudio & Clerc, Marcel G., 2020. "Noise-induced kink propagation in shallow granular layers," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    3. Zaiyu Wang & Ke Gao & Yuanyuan Kan & Ming Zhang & Chaoqun Qiu & Lei Zhu & Zhe Zhao & Xiaobin Peng & Wei Feng & Zhiyuan Qian & Xiaodan Gu & Alex K.-Y. Jen & Ben Zhong Tang & Yong Cao & Yongming Zhang &, 2021. "The coupling and competition of crystallization and phase separation, correlating thermodynamics and kinetics in OPV morphology and performances," Nature Communications, Nature, vol. 12(1), pages 1-14, December.
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