IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v88y2011i12p5020-5031.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

The map of energy flow in HVAC systems

Author

Listed:
  • Perez-Lombard, Luis
  • Ortiz, Jose
  • Maestre, Ismael R.

Abstract

Heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are the most energy consuming building services representing approximately half of the final energy use in the building sector and between one tenth and one fifth of the energy consumption in developed countries. Despite their significant energy use, there is a lack of a consistent and homogeneous framework to efficiently guide research and energy policies, mainly due to the complexity and variety of HVAC systems but also to insufficient rigour in their energy analysis. This paper reviews energy related aspects of HVAC systems with the aim of establishing a common ground for the analysis of their energy efficiency. The paper focuses on the map of energy flow to deliver thermal comfort: the HVAC energy chain. Our approach deals first with thermal comfort as the final service delivered to building occupants. Secondly, conditioned spaces are examined as the systems where useful heat (or coolth) is degraded to provide comfort. This is followed by the analysis of HVAC systems as complex energy conversion devices where energy carriers are transformed into useful heat and coolth, and finally, the impact of HVAC energy consumption on energy resources is discussed.

Suggested Citation

  • Perez-Lombard, Luis & Ortiz, Jose & Maestre, Ismael R., 2011. "The map of energy flow in HVAC systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 5020-5031.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:12:p:5020-5031
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.003
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626191100448X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.07.003?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Dubin, Fred S., 1990. "Energy-efficient building design: Innovative HVAC, lighting, energy-management control, and fenestration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1-2), pages 11-20.
    2. Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2010. "The efficient use of energy: Tracing the global flow of energy from fuel to service," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 75-81, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yang, Honghua & Ma, Linwei & Li, Zheng, 2023. "Tracing China's steel use from steel flows in the production system to steel footprints in the consumption system," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 172(C).
    2. Omar Shafqat & Elena Malakhtka & Nina Chrobot & Per Lundqvist, 2021. "End Use Energy Services Framework Co-Creation with Multiple Stakeholders—A Living Lab-Based Case Study," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(14), pages 1-24, July.
    3. Kim, Yeong Jae & Wilson, Charlie, 2019. "Analysing energy innovation portfolios from a systemic perspective," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    4. Cullen, Jonathan M. & Allwood, Julian M., 2010. "Theoretical efficiency limits for energy conversion devices," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2059-2069.
    5. Brand-Correa, Lina I. & Steinberger, Julia K., 2017. "A Framework for Decoupling Human Need Satisfaction From Energy Use," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 43-52.
    6. Jin, Taeyoung, 2022. "Impact of heat and electricity consumption on energy intensity: A panel data analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    7. Charalampos Michalakakis & Jeremy Fouillou & Richard C. Lupton & Ana Gonzalez Hernandez & Jonathan M. Cullen, 2021. "Calculating the chemical exergy of materials," Journal of Industrial Ecology, Yale University, vol. 25(2), pages 274-287, April.
    8. Biying Yu & Guangpu Zhao & Runying An, 2019. "Framing the picture of energy consumption in China," Natural Hazards: Journal of the International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, Springer;International Society for the Prevention and Mitigation of Natural Hazards, vol. 99(3), pages 1469-1490, December.
    9. Ioan G. Pop & Sebastian Văduva & Mihai-Florin Talpoș, 2017. "Energetic Sustainability and the Environment: A Transdisciplinary, Economic–Ecological Approach," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(6), pages 1-12, May.
    10. Morley, Janine, 2018. "Rethinking energy services: The concept of ‘meta-service’ and implications for demand reduction and servicizing policy," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 563-569.
    11. Chong, Chin Hao & Zhou, Xiaoyong & Zhang, Yongchuang & Ma, Linwei & Bhutta, Muhammad Shoaib & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou, 2023. "LMDI decomposition of coal consumption in China based on the energy allocation diagram of coal flows: An update for 2005–2020 with improved sectoral resolutions," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    12. Elizabeth Curmi & Richard Fenner & Keith Richards & Julian Allwood & Bojana Bajželj & Grant Kopec, 2013. "Visualising a Stochastic Model of Californian Water Resources Using Sankey Diagrams," Water Resources Management: An International Journal, Published for the European Water Resources Association (EWRA), Springer;European Water Resources Association (EWRA), vol. 27(8), pages 3035-3050, June.
    13. Sorrell, Steve, 2015. "Reducing energy demand: A review of issues, challenges and approaches," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 74-82.
    14. Xu Li & Chinhao Chong & Linwei Ma & Pei Liu & Xuesi Shen & Zibo Jia & Cheng Wang & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2018. "Coordinating the Dynamic Development of Energy and Industry in Composite Regions: An I-SDOP Analysis of the BTH Region," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(6), pages 1-28, June.
    15. Heun, Matthew Kuperus & Owen, Anne & Brockway, Paul E., 2018. "A physical supply-use table framework for energy analysis on the energy conversion chain," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C), pages 1134-1162.
    16. Levihn, Fabian, 2017. "CHP and heat pumps to balance renewable power production: Lessons from the district heating network in Stockholm," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 670-678.
    17. Whiting, Kai & Carmona, Luis Gabriel & Brand-Correa, Lina & Simpson, Edward, 2020. "Illumination as a material service: A comparison between Ancient Rome and early 19th century London," Ecological Economics, Elsevier, vol. 169(C).
    18. Jack Miller & Timothy J. Foxon & Steve Sorrell, 2016. "Exergy Accounting: A Quantitative Comparison of Methods and Implications for Energy-Economy Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(11), pages 1-22, November.
    19. Gao, Yuan & Chong, Chin Hao & Liu, Gengyuan & Casazza, Marco & Xiong, Xiaoping & Liu, Bojie & Zhou, Xuanru & Zhou, Xiaoyong & Li, Zheng & Ni, Weidou & Hao, Yan & Ma, Linwei, 2024. "Identification of carbon responsibility factors based on energy consumption from 2005 to 2020 in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    20. Linwei Ma & Chinhao Chong & Xi Zhang & Pei Liu & Weiqi Li & Zheng Li & Weidou Ni, 2018. "LMDI Decomposition of Energy-Related CO 2 Emissions Based on Energy and CO 2 Allocation Sankey Diagrams: The Method and an Application to China," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-37, January.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:12:p:5020-5031. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.