Optimal infrastructures and integrative energy networks for sustainable and energy-resilient city renaissance

The transition to sustainable energy systems is being driven across building, transportation, and power grid sectors to achieve sustainable development goals. Collaborative, multi-sector energy systems at the city level promote energy sharing and interactions, leading to enhanced urban renewable energy share and reduced carbon emissions compared to single-sector measures. While most research has concentrated on single-sector measures, limited attention has been given to cross-sector energy interactions in the context of urban electrification and hydrogenation. This review presents a multidisciplinary analysis of the interplay between energy dynamics and carbon reduction potential across sectors, highlighting: 1) building consumers and prosumers; 2) building energy management and scale updates; 3) charging infrastructure location methods; 4) climate models and energy resilience enhancement strategies; and 5) applications of artificial intelligence. This review also emphasizes the role of charging stations and hydrogen refuelling stations as critical nodes in urban cross-sector energy network. Several future research directions are identified, including: 1) the development of resilient indicators for city-scale, cross-sector energy systems; 2) the planning of charging station that consider cross-sector energy system updates and climate change impacts; 3) strategies for energy sharing and interactions within urban cross-sector energy system; 4) profit mechanisms to incentivize energy investors and consumers. This review offers urban planners and researchers with insightful recommendations for the design, planning and management of future urban energy infrastructure, emphasizing the importance of integrated, multi-sector approaches for achieving sustainability and resilience.