Secure operation of a stand-alone wind energy system based on an incommensurate fractional-order chaotic system

Cybersecurity for wind energy conversion systems, such as Stand-Alone Wind Energy Conversion Systems (SAWECSs) that use Self-Excited Induction Generators (SEIGs), has been a growing area of focus recently. Despite their advantages such as robust structure, low cost, minimal maintenance, and the ability to operate at varying wind speeds, SEIG-based SAWECSs rely on effective reactive power management to maintain output voltage stability. As modern technologies become more integrated into SAWECS, controlling the output voltage becomes increasingly challenging, which makes the system more vulnerable to cyber-attacks. To ensure the cybersecurity of SEIG-based SAWECS, this study proposes a novel approach, a chaotic system-based secure communication algorithm derived from the interaction between dark matter and dark energy (DM-DE). This algorithm utilizes fractional calculus to increase the complexity of chaotic flows, thereby strengthening the robustness of secure communication. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through detailed analyses and simulation studies, demonstrating its capability to maintain system stability and security. The chaos-based secure operation algorithm is then tested and validated using a SAWECS comprising a 3-phase, 400V, 50 Hz SEIG with resistive-inductive loads. It is observed that the experimental results are consistent with the simulation results. This work demonstrates that chaotic system-based approaches can be used to enhance the cybersecurity of renewable energy systems.