Resilience quantification of offshore wind farm cluster under the joint influence of typhoon and its secondary disasters

The rapid development of offshore wind power has significantly drawn attention to its operation dangers because of the frequent extreme weather events such as typhoons. Existing resilience evaluation for offshore wind farm cluster (OWFC) focuses more on the risks associated with a single typhoon disaster and less on the joint influence of multiple disasters, which may underestimate its vulnerability since a typhoon is prone to trigger secondary disasters, such as huge ocean waves and storm surges, which may cause severe damage to offshore wind turbines. We instead propose a new method to evaluate the resilience of OWFC under a typhoon and its secondary disasters. First, the typhoon and typhoon-induced ocean waves are numerically simulated according to the ocean environments. Considering the coupled effects of a typhoon and its secondary disasters on wind turbines and submarine cables, the failure rates of wind turbines and the collector networks are then calculated based on the structural response model and the first failure theory. Followed by this, a new polygonal model is proposed to quantify the resilience of offshore wind farms under the joint influence of the typhoon and its secondary disasters. Finally, the resilience of an actual OWFC is analyzed, and our resilience value is approximately 40 % lower than that under a single typhoon disaster, indicating its vulnerability to withstand multiple disasters and the necessity of considering typhoon-induced secondary disasters in the resilience assessment of OWFC. This study contributes to improving the operational safety and risk prevention levels of offshore wind energy.