Trilayer stackelberg game scheduling of active distribution network based on microgrid group leasing shared energy storage

―A trilayer stackelberg game (SG) schedule strategy is proposed for an active distribution network based on microgrid group leasing shared energy storage. In the upper-layer, the distribution system operator acts as the leader to determine the trading price considering the power demand of the middle and lower layers, which can realize the safe operation and the peak shaving and valley filling of the active distribution network. In the middle-layer, the shared energy storage operator can serve both as the leader to formulate the leasing price and as the follower to respond the trading price, which can guarantee the reliable charging/discharging and efficient utilization of the shared energy storage. In the lower-layer, the microgrid coalition regards as the follower to formulate leasing capacity and to respond the trading price, which can ensure electricity balance and on-site consumption of the renewable energy. Moreover, in order to solve the trilayer SG model effectively, the existence and uniqueness of the equilibrium solution can be proved by taking advantage of the multi-step backward induction method. Then, a distributed nested iterative algorithm is further exploited to avoid the possible oscillation in iterative optimization, which can improve the computational efficiency. Finally, the effectiveness and rationality of the proposed schedule strategy can be verified through the improved IEEE33 bus system and the extended system.