Development and validation of a dynamic operating envelopes-enabled demand response scheme in low-voltage distribution networks

Dynamic operating envelopes (DOEs) provide a promising solution for preserving network integrity as distributed energy resources (DERs) increasingly penetrate low-voltage (LV) networks. Presently, DOE applications mainly focus on controlling active power exports from rooftop photovoltaic (PV) systems, often overlooking the role of demand response (DR). This paper proposes a two-stage, coordinated strategy for integrating residential DR into electricity markets within the DOE framework. In the first stage, the distribution network service provider (DNSP) employs a convex hull method to define DOEs at each customer point-of-connection (POC). In the second stage, the demand response aggregator (DRA) uses the DOEs provided by the DNSP to implement a hierarchical control system that tracks load set-point signals while ensuring compliance with network statutory limits. To evaluate the proposed control approach in a real-world scenario, software-in-the-loop (SIL) tests are conducted using a grid simulator that replicates an actual residential feeder with realistic household load and generation profiles. The simulation results demonstrate that the DRA can deliver precise DR while adhering to network statutory limits and maintaining user thermal comfort. Additionally, the method aligns with market dispatch intervals and safeguards end-user data privacy.