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Mapping the exchange between embodied economic benefits and CO2 emissions among Belt and Road Initiative countries

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  • Wang, Xin
  • Yang, Jianxun
  • Zhou, Qi
  • Liu, Miaomiao
  • Bi, Jun

Abstract

As a core channel of China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), trade has great potential of boosting the economy but also triggers arguments about environmental impacts. However, the evidence for ecologically unequal exchange embodied in trade between China and BRI countries is rarely discussed. Based on the multiregional input–output analysis, we investigated the temporal changes of economic benefits and CO2 emissions embodied in trade between BRI countries and China in 2013–2015. The pollution terms of trade (PTT) indicator was computed to map unequal exchange between economic benefits and CO2 emissions embodied in trade. Results revealed that the final demand of China brought BRI countries 421.15–507.08 million US dollars and caused 379.84–438.60 Mt CO2 emissions. Most BRI countries (58–70%) which were in win–win situations of environment and wealth in the trade with China did not become pollution havens of China. Although ecologically unequal exchange did exist in 12–15 BRI countries, inequalities of some countries were being mitigated over time. Our findings are potential to provide valuable insights into mitigating the inequalities between China and BRI countries to support the sustainability of green BRI.

Suggested Citation

  • Wang, Xin & Yang, Jianxun & Zhou, Qi & Liu, Miaomiao & Bi, Jun, 2022. "Mapping the exchange between embodied economic benefits and CO2 emissions among Belt and Road Initiative countries," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:307:y:2022:i:c:s0306261921014732
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.118206
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    Cited by:

    1. Xiao, Zhaohua & Du, Limin & Wang, Zheng, 2023. "The Belt, the Road, and the carbon emissions in China," China Economic Review, Elsevier, vol. 78(C).
    2. Pang, Qinghua & Liu, Xuan & Zhang, Lina & Chiu, Yung-ho, 2024. "Temporal-spatial evolution of environmental inequality of embodied energy transfer within inter-provincial trade of China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    3. Zhongwen Xu & Liming Yao, 2023. "Reality check and determinants of carbon emission flow in the context of global trade: Indonesia being the centric studied country," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 25(10), pages 11973-11997, October.
    4. Lin, Zekun & Meng, Fanxin & Wang, Dongfang & Liao, Danqi & Sun, Yutong & Hou, Jiaqi & Liu, Gengyuan & Giannetti, Biagio Fernando & Agostinho, Feni & Almeida, Cecília M.V.B., 2023. "Unfolding carbon inequality across Belt and Road Initiative countries and regions under a global trade network," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 482(C).
    5. Yanmei Li & Xin Sun & Xiushan Bai, 2022. "Differences of Carbon Emission Efficiency in the Belt and Road Initiative Countries," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-17, February.
    6. Qin Shu & Yang Su & Hong Li & Feng Li & Yunjie Zhao & Chen Du, 2023. "Study on the Spatial Structure and Drivers of Agricultural Carbon Emission Efficiency in Belt and Road Initiative Countries," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-27, July.
    7. Lu, Cheng & Du, Qiang, 2024. "The heterogeneous effects of transportation infrastructure on trade-embodied CO2 transfer: A multi-scale perspective," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 302(C).

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