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Features and evolution of international fossil fuel trade network based on value of emergy

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Listed:
  • Zhong, Weiqiong
  • An, Haizhong
  • Fang, Wei
  • Gao, Xiangyun
  • Dong, Di

Abstract

Fossil fuel is crucial to the development of modern society. The major types of fossil fuel are coal, crude oil and natural gas. The uneven distribution of the production and consumption of fossil fuel makes the fossil fuel flows between countries by international trade. This study aims to quantitatively analyse the features and evolution of the international trade of fossil fuel by complex network and emergy. We transform the trade quantity of coal, crude oil and natural gas into emergy by transformity and the sum of the three emergies is the emergy of fossil fuel. The complex network models of the integrated fossil fuel trade as well as the trade of coal, crude oil and natural gas are built up based on the value of emergy. We analyse the trade relationships, trade quantity, trade density, and hierarchy structure of the networks.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhong, Weiqiong & An, Haizhong & Fang, Wei & Gao, Xiangyun & Dong, Di, 2016. "Features and evolution of international fossil fuel trade network based on value of emergy," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 868-877.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:165:y:2016:i:c:p:868-877
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.12.083
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