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Ultrahigh specific surface area of graphene for eliminating subcooling of water

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  • Li, Xing
  • Chen, Ying
  • Cheng, Zhengdong
  • Jia, Lisi
  • Mo, Songping
  • Liu, Zhuowei

Abstract

Graphene is widely utilized because of its exceptional properties, such as strong mechanical strength, low weight, nearly optical transparency, and excellent conductivity of heat and electricity. In this study, we used the ultrahigh specific surface area of graphene due to its inherently two-dimensional nature to reduce the subcooling of freezing of a phase change material. The results enable graphene’s application in energy storage using the latent heat of phase transition. The need for subcooling to freeze water was eliminated completely with the suspension of a very low mass fraction (0.020±0.001wt%) or surface area concentration (0.070±0.003m2/ml) of graphene. Compared to nanoparticles of SiO2 and TiO2 with the same mass fraction suspended in water, flakes of graphene led to freeze water at a much smaller subcooling degree, and shorter total freezing time. The addition of surfactants can improve suspension stability and further reduce the degree of subcooling, but it also slightly increases the total freezing time. Graphene flakes are more suitable than spherical oxide nanoparticles for use as nucleating additives in water.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Xing & Chen, Ying & Cheng, Zhengdong & Jia, Lisi & Mo, Songping & Liu, Zhuowei, 2014. "Ultrahigh specific surface area of graphene for eliminating subcooling of water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 824-829.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:130:y:2014:i:c:p:824-829
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.02.032
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Mo, Songping & Chen, Ying & Jia, Lisi & Luo, Xianglong, 2012. "Investigation on crystallization of TiO2–water nanofluids and deionized water," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 65-70.
    2. Baker, Keith J. & Rylatt, R. Mark, 2008. "Improving the prediction of UK domestic energy-demand using annual consumption-data," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 85(6), pages 475-482, June.
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    Cited by:

    1. Zhao, Xiaohuan & E, Jiaqiang & Zhang, Zhiqing & Chen, Jingwei & Liao, Gaoliang & Zhang, Feng & Leng, Erwei & Han, Dandan & Hu, Wenyu, 2020. "A review on heat enhancement in thermal energy conversion and management using Field Synergy Principle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 257(C).
    2. Suganthi, K.S. & Leela Vinodhan, V. & Rajan, K.S., 2014. "Heat transfer performance and transport properties of ZnO–ethylene glycol and ZnO–ethylene glycol–water nanofluid coolants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 548-559.
    3. Fan, Li-Wu & Yao, Xiao-Li & Wang, Xiao & Wu, Yu-Yue & Liu, Xue-Ling & Xu, Xu & Yu, Zi-Tao, 2015. "Non-isothermal crystallization of aqueous nanofluids with high aspect-ratio carbon nano-additives for cold thermal energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C), pages 193-201.
    4. Xiong, Dongbin & Li, Xifei & Shan, Hui & Yan, Bo & Li, Dejun & Langford, Craig & Sun, Xueliang, 2016. "Scalable synthesis of functionalized graphene as cathodes in Li-ion electrochemical energy storage devices," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 512-521.
    5. Battista, Luigi & Mecozzi, Laura & Coppola, Sara & Vespini, Veronica & Grilli, Simonetta & Ferraro, Pietro, 2014. "Graphene and carbon black nano-composite polymer absorbers for a pyro-electric solar energy harvesting device based on LiNbO3 crystals," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 357-362.

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