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Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts

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  • Aragüés, R.
  • Urdanoz, V.
  • Çetin, M.
  • Kirda, C.
  • Daghari, H.
  • Ltifi, W.
  • Lahlou, M.
  • Douaik, A.

Abstract

Irrigated agriculture is threatened by soil salinity in numerous arid and semiarid areas of the Mediterranean basin. The objective of this work was to quantify soil salinity through electromagnetic induction (EMI) techniques and relate it to the physical characteristics and irrigation management of four Mediterranean irrigation districts located in Morocco, Spain, Tunisia and Turkey. The volume and salinity of the main water inputs (irrigation and precipitation) and outputs (crop evapotranspiration and drainage) were measured or estimated in each district. Soil salinity (ECe) maps were obtained through electromagnetic induction surveys (ECa readings) and district-specific ECa-ECe calibrations. Gravimetric soil water content (WC) and soil saturation percentage (SP) were also measured in the soil calibration samples. The ECa-ECe calibration equations were highly significant (PÂ Â 0.1) with WC, and was only significantly correlated (PÂ Â Morocco (2.2Â dSÂ m-1)Â >Â Spain (1.4Â dSÂ m-1)Â >Â Turkey (0.45Â dSÂ m-1). Soil salinity was mainly affected by irrigation water salinity and irrigation efficiency. Drainage water salinity at the exit of each district was mostly affected by soil salinity and irrigation efficiency, with values very high in Tunisia (9.0Â dSÂ m-1), high in Spain (4.6Â dSÂ m-1), moderate in Morocco (estimated at 2.6Â dSÂ m-1), and low in Turkey (1.4Â dSÂ m-1). Salt loads in drainage waters, calculated from their salinity (ECdw) and volume (Q), were highest in Tunisia (very high Q and very high ECdw), intermediate in Turkey (extremely high Q and low ECdw) and lowest in Spain (very low Q and high ECdw) (there were no Q data for Morocco). Reduction of these high drainage volumes through sound irrigation management would be the most efficient way to control the off-site salt-pollution caused by these Mediterranean irrigation districts.

Suggested Citation

  • Aragüés, R. & Urdanoz, V. & Çetin, M. & Kirda, C. & Daghari, H. & Ltifi, W. & Lahlou, M. & Douaik, A., 2011. "Soil salinity related to physical soil characteristics and irrigation management in four Mediterranean irrigation districts," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 98(6), pages 959-966, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:agiwat:v:98:y:2011:i:6:p:959-966
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    Cited by:

    1. Peragón, Juan Manuel & Delgado, Antonio & Pérez-Latorre, Francisco J., 2015. "A GIS-based quality assessment model for olive tree irrigation water in southern Spain," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 232-240.
    2. Hu, Qiuli & Yang, Yonghui & Han, Shumin & Yang, Yanmin & Ai, Zhipin & Wang, Jiusheng & Ma, Fengyun, 2017. "Identifying changes in irrigation return flow with gradually intensified water-saving technology using HYDRUS for regional water resources management," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 194(C), pages 33-47.
    3. Cary, L. & Surdyk, N. & Psarras, G. & Kasapakis, I. & Chartzoulakis, K. & Sandei, L. & Guerrot, C. & Pettenati, M. & Kloppmann, W., 2015. "Short-term assessment of the dynamics of elements in wastewater irrigated Mediterranean soil and tomato fruits through sequential dissolution and lead isotopic signatures," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 155(C), pages 87-99.
    4. Hu, Qiuli & Yang, Yonghui & Han, Shumin & Wang, Jiusheng, 2019. "Degradation of agricultural drainage water quantity and quality due to farmland expansion and water-saving operations in arid basins," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 213(C), pages 185-192.
    5. Litskas, V.D. & Aschonitis, V.G. & Lekakis, E.H. & Antonopoulos, V.Z., 2014. "Effects of land use and irrigation practices on Ca, Mg, K, Na loads in rice-based agricultural systems," Agricultural Water Management, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 30-36.

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